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St and e mean the equivalent young's modulus, normal amount of overlap, equivalent mass, equivalent radius of the particles, coefficient of restitution, equivalent shear modulus and tangential stiffness of particles, respectively.

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The OBF process is widely studied as an alternative ironmaking process, due to the social pressure of energy and environment at present. A comprehensive mathematical model of the OBF process is established, which is based on material and exergy balances. The process parameters of the OBF with different oxygen enriched blast were calculated through the model. The calculation results demonstrated that the material balance of carbon input in the OBF process decreased by 6.7% (OBF-I) and 22.4% (OBF-II) compared to the TBF process. Also, the industrial oxygen consumption increased from 185.88 m 3 (OBF-I) to 228.32 m 3 (OBF-II). The exergy output and the total exergy loss of the OBF-I process decreased by 1.5% and 5.6%, respectively, and those in the OBF-II process decreased by 16.60% and 30.81%. Due to the exergy indices in OBF-II process all improved, the OBF-II process was a significantly efficient ironmaking process compared to the TBF.

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