Mesoporous, nanometric silica particles that can serve both as carrier and filler for fluoride were synthesized, and their release properties were later investigated. The flexural and compressive strengths performances of organic matrix and composite materials were evaluated using the tests defined in BS EN ISO 4049. From the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller results of the synthesized mesoporous silica particles, mesoporous SiO2 particles‐6 (MSP‐6) was preferred because it fits the MSP‐6 Type V isotherm model and has a highly mesoporous structure. The saturation points of MSP‐6 and R709 silica particles in terms of fluoride were determined as 180 min for MSP‐6 and 120 min for R709, respectively. The strength of composites prepared after the treatment of surface‐modified R709 silica particles with fluoride solution decreased, an increase was observed in the composites prepared after MSP‐6 particles were treated with fluoride solution. The porous silica particles caused a slight increase in the compressive strength of the composites. The standard deviations of the compression values of the fluorine‐containing composites F/R709 and F/MSP‐6 are quite low. The microhardness values of R709, F/R709, MSP6 and F/MSP6 samples were determined as 82.1 ± 8.59, 247.67 ± 12.32, 131.03 ± 10.98, and 218.8 ± 11.24, respectively. Especially considering the effect of chewing force the surface hardness of the composite is also directly related to the compressive strength. The increase in the compressive strength of the samples treated with fluoride confirms this result. A high rate of mesoporous structure silica particles was synthesized and could serve both as a carrier for fluoride and as a filler required by the material.
Hybrid particles were synthesized with sol–gel-based hydrothermal method using alkoxide precursors, and the usability of these particles in dental composites was investigated. First, the effects of varying Ti/Zr and nacid/ nalkoxide ratios on the crystal and microstructure of the synthesized particles (Ti, Zr) hybrids were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), a particle size and a surface charge analyzer, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis were used to reveal the structural parameters. ZTit-1, ZTit-4, and ZTit-6 particles were crystalline, while ZTit-2, ZTit-3, and ZTit-5 particles were amorphous. The zeta potential of the most stable ZTit-4 particle was 43.33 mV. ZTit-3 particles had the highest surface area and ZTit-5 particles had the highest micropore area. The presence of Ti/Zr oxide and titanate structures was determined by FTIR analysis. In the next step of the study, the mechanical behavior of the synthesized Ti/Zr-based hybrid particles in the dental organic matrix was investigated. The flexural, compressive strengths, and microhardness of the ZTit-4 composite with optimal flowability were 175±16.1 MPa, 242±7.8 MPa, and 32.9 Hv.
In this study, thermal polymerized resinous composites containing inorganic-organic dual fillers were developed. The size effects of micron particles on the physico-mechanical properties of composites were investigated. According to the standard BS EN ISO 4049, the degree of transformation, hardness, three-point flexural strength, water absorption and water solubility of the prepared composite materials were determined. Contrary to expectations, the degree of transformation of the composites increased as the micron particle size increased. It has been deduced that this increase is directly related to the varying surface areas depending on the particle sizes and the modification rates that can vary depending on the surface areas. The hardness values did not show a general trend with increasing particle size. When the flexural strengths of composites containing varying micron size particles were examined, their strengths differed in relation to the degree of transformation and the rate of modification, which is also effective in hardness. As with other properties, the effects of competing particle size and rate of modification had an effect on the absorption behavior. When the resolutions of the composites are examined, the values of all are positive. It was concluded that this situation may be due to the absence of polar groups in the main monomer structure other than ester, hydroxyl and urethane groups, which will keep the absorbed water in the structure, and the release of unreacted monomers with the absorbed water.
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