Self-sensing concrete (SSC) has been vastly studied for its possibility to provide a cost-effective solution for structural health monitoring of concrete structures, rendering it very attractive in real-life applications. In this review paper, comprehensive information about the components of self-sensing concrete, dispersion methods and mix design, as well as the recent progress in the field of self-sensing concrete, has been provided. The information and recent research findings about self-sensing materials for smart composites, their properties, measurement of self-sensing signal and the behavior of self-sensing concrete under different loading conditions are included. Factors influencing the electrical resistance of self-sensitive concrete such as dry-wet cycle, ice formation and freeze thaw cycle and current frequency, etc., which were not covered by previous review papers on self-sensing concrete, are discussed in detail. Finally, major emphasis is placed on the application of self-sensing technology in existing and new structures.

An increasing amount of construction and demolishing waste has made the implementation of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) a popular topic; RCA can reduce the environmental pollution caused by the construction industry. This paper describes differences in physical, mechanical, and chemical properties between RCA and natural aggregate (NA). For the first time, the methods of interfacial transition zone (ITZ) improvement in RCA, including strengthening through carbonation, incorporation of mineral admixtures, and different mixing approaches, are extensively covered. In addition, the methods used to improve the adherent mortar regions of RCA are covered. This approach makes it possible to demonstrate the impact of different methods on these regions (ITZ and adhered mortar) and overall RCA enhancement. Lastly, a comparison of each of these methods in terms of their effectiveness is presented. The review of several studies concludes that the carbonation treatment method for ITZ and adherent mortar enhancement are the most efficient and sustainable methods compared to others. Summarizing, using RCA instead of NA provides a sustainable solution for the construction industry due to reducing the amount of produced waste and conserving landfill space.

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