The aim of the present study was to investigate the parasitism of two fruit fly species by different Diachasmimorpha longicaudata strains. Females of two parasitoid strains were reared on Ceratitis capitata or Anastrepha fraterculus that were conditioned in adapted containers. Individual parasitoids were offered 20 larvae for 1 h, using no-choice (20 C. capitata or 20 A. fraterculus) or free-choice (10 of each species) assays. Parasitism was verified by counting scars, and the pupae were classified as non-parasitized (no scars), parasitized (one scar), or superparasitized (multiple scars). Parasitism intensity was compared by evaluating the proportions of non-parasitized, parasitized, and superparasitized larvae. Parasitism intensity and scar frequency were analyzed as functions of host species and parasitoid strain, using chi-square tests. In the non-choice tests, females of both parasitoid strains parasitized the larvae, regardless of host species. However, when the parasitoids had a choice, they preferred to superparasitize A. fraterculus larvae, which are larger than C. capitata larvae. In addition, the female parasitoids parasitized most of the host larvae, regardless of parasitoid strain or host species. However, the frequency of non-parasitized pupae was higher when the offered host species was different from the one in which the parasitoid was reared, and the frequency of superparasitized pupae was higher when the offered host species was the same as the one in which the parasitoid was reared.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the ratio of Ceratitis capitata larvae/female of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata that results in the increase of parasitism and the production of females in the progeny. We used 8-day-old copulated D. longicaudata females with oviposition parasite experience and third instar larvae of C. capitata from rearing stock maintained at the Laboratory of Biological Control of Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes). Five densities of C. capitata larvae (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50) were offered to parasitoid females that were at five different densities (1, 2, 5, 10, and 15). The larvae were exposed to the parasitoid females by means of “parasitism units” in adapted cages for 1 hour. Sex ratio, percentage of parasitism, and pupal mortality were evaluated. Both host larval density and female parasite density influenced parasitism, female progeny production, and pupal mortality. Higher female production was observed in the progeny in ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 (larvae/females). Ratios above 1:2 reduced the sex ratio, and ratios below 1:1 caused high pupal mortality rates. The females had higher parasitism activity when they were in groups dividing the same space. Equal ratios of Ceratitis capitata larvae and parasitoid females resulted in improved efficiency in progeny females.
The objective was to evaluate the production yield and influence of the action of ascorbic acid on the color of dehydrated white and purple sweet potatoes produced in a semi-arid region. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Technology of Products of Plant Origin (TPOV) of the State University of Montes Claros, Janáuba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Sweet potato roots of the cultivars Brazlândia roxa and Brazlândia branco were used. To determine the action of ascorbic acid on the color of dehydrated white and purple sweet potato, a completely randomized design with 4 replications was used. Analysis of variance was performed in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme, with two cultivars (Roxa and Branca) and absence and presence of ascorbic acid. The results were submitted to statistical analysis using the Sisvar Software. The average yield of white potato was 23% and purple 18.41%. For the variable of soluble solids, no significant differences were observed between the varieties. The sweet potato cultivar Brazlândia Branca showed better yield when submitted to the drying process. The sweet potato cultivar Brazlândia, when submitted to the dehydration process, presented a more yellowish color, however, with less intense coloration in the presence of ascorbic acid.
A domesticação de espécies nativas de parasitoides em laboratório é de grande interesse, pois, como elas já estão adaptadas aos agroecossistemas brasileiros, sua liberação pode resultar em aumento de sua população em campo. Os objetivos da presente pesquisa foram estabelecer um processo de domesticação do parasitoide nativo Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti, 1911) em laboratório e estudar aspectos do comportamento de parasitismo. Para iniciar o processo de domesticação, realizaramse coletas de frutos em pomares de áreas rurais, para a obtenção de espécimes de D. areolatus. A partir dos insetos obtidos em campo, foi iniciada a domesticação do parasitoide em laboratório. O processo de domesticação foi descrito, sendo mantida a criação de D. areolatus por cinco gerações. Avaliou-se a idade ideal das larvas hospedeiras para permitir a melhor porcentagem de parasitismo e a proporção de fêmeas na progênie. A maior proporção de larvas parasitadas e superparasitadas e o maior índice de parasitismo foram obtidos quando larvas de Anastrepha fraterculus de seis/sete dias de idade foram oferecidas às fêmeas de D. areolatus. A razão sexual não foi alterada com a idade da larva hospedeira. Discutiram-se os principais problemas na domesticação de parasitoides a partir de insetos obtidos em campo sobre outros hospedeiros.
Relationship between infestation of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and characteristics after umbu harvest.
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