Amerikan yazar Grace Paley, "Anne" adlı kısa kısa hikâyesinde belli sayılara sıkıştırılmış sözcük dağarcığının satır aralıklarında gizli olarak ifade etmeye çalıştığı birçok şeyi okuyucuya anlatmak istemektedir. Bu makalede anlatılmak istenen durum, Paley'nin, bu kısa kısa hikâyesinde görünenden çok görülmeyen şeylerin insanların yalnızlık ve yabancılaşma duygularına ve hislerine sebep olduğu ve bu yolla da geçmiş günlerine özlem duyarak bulundukları ortama yabancılaştıklarıdır. Post modern edebi dönem incelenecek olursa, karakterlerin birçok psiko-analitik problemlerinin olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır ve bu sorunlar gerek aile içerisinde ve gerek toplumsal yapıda bireylerin birbirinden uzaklaşmalarına ve iletişim problemlerinin artmasına yol açmaktadır. Bir kelimesinde bile birçok şeyin anlatılabildiği kısa kısa hikâyelerde yoğunlaşmış saklı bir dil mevcuttur. Yani, anlatım dilinin çok etkin oluşuyla Paley, okuyucuları kendi dünyalarına, yaşadıkları geçmişlerine ve bu geçmişin onlarda bıraktığı izlere de değinmektedir.
This article highlights a psychoanalytical approach while assessing how world wars cause mental and psychological disorders in human beings in respect to George Orwell's Coming up for Air (1939), Animal Farm (1945 and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949).Rising global risks result in different forms of tension in financial, economic, and social respects. The atmosphere of perpetual crisis is influential on human psychology and personal values in worsening socio-economic circumstances. The role of psychoanalysis in literary criticism cannot be disregarded because of the rising global risks' influence on human beings. The chaos of World Wars is the reason for Orwell to portray an apocalyptic analysis in his fictional works. Orwell's aforementioned three novels in question here reveal a dark undertone of war and conflicts and manifest Orwell's tendency to portray individuals having anxiety, uncertainty, meaninglessness, alienation, and isolation in the modern world. Moreover, Orwell indirectly depicts that such psychological tensions end up rebellious activities of human beings in his novels.
This research article highlights that postmodern era after the modern period causes fragmentation because of the existence of alienation and isolation senses in family units and ends up undesirable failure in children’s educational process as reflected in American writer Ann Tyler’s Teenage Wasteland. Thereby, these are concurrently the basics of modernism that destructs human lives. Similar to T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land, Tyler emphasizes the existence of a dramatic monologue deriving from the disillusionment in the infertile land and the alienation in social living. Tyler specifies the presence of a meaningless life and alienation for children. At the same time, Tyler concerns how parents become unable to deal with their children in their intensive working life. She hints that children become unsuccessful in their educational process due to their parents’ intensive working. Therefore, the teenager and his parents have mutual lack of communication in their alienated worlds. A “wasteland” in the target short story implies having the sense of loneliness which causes failure in children’s educational world and rises the disturbance in family units. Accordingly, family members are the victims of their working life and embrace the senses of alienation and isolation in their inner worlds. Therefore, this article will pursue a psychoanalytical consideration in the selected short story.
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