Living free radical polymerization was used to prepare poly(solketal methacrylate)-block-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) or PSMA-b-PDMAEMA. A diblock with 105 SMA units and
122 DMAEMA units formed spherical micelles with PDMAEMA coronas and PSMA cores in water with
5 vol % THF. Nanospheres with cross-linked shells were obtained by cross-linking the PDMAEMA coronas
with 1,2-bis(2‘-iodoethoxyl)ethane (BIEE). The cores of the nanospheres were made hydrophilic by
hydrolyzing the acetonide groups of PSMA.
BackgroundThe aim of this study is to screen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of chicken Calpain3 (CAPN3) gene and to analyze the potential association between CAPN3 gene polymorphisms and carcass traits in chickens. We screened CAPN3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 307 meat-type quality chicken from 5 commercial pure lines (S01, S02, S03, S05, and D99) and 4 native breeds from Guangdong Province (Huiyang Huxu chicken and Qingyuan Ma chicken) and Sichuan Province (Caoke chicken and Shandi Black-bone chicken), China.ResultsTwo SNPs (11818T>A and 12814T>G) were detected by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method and were verified by DNA sequencing. Association analysis showed that the 12814T>G genotypes were significantly associated with body weight (BW), carcass weight (CW), breast muscle weight (BMW), and leg muscle weight (LMW). Haplotypes constructed on the two SNPs (H1, TG; H2, TT; H3, AG; and H4, AT) were associated with BW, CW (P < 0.05), eviscerated percentage (EP), semi-eviscerated percentage (SEP), breast muscle percentage (BMP), and leg muscle percentage (LMP) (P < 0.01). Diplotype H1H2 was dominant for BW, CW, and LMP, and H2H2 was dominant for EP, SEP, and BMP.ConclusionWe speculated that the CAPN3 gene was a major gene affecting chicken muscle growth and carcass traits or it was linked with the major gene(s). Diplotypes H1H2 and H2H2 might be advantageous for carcass traits.
[reaction: see text] Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of a photochromic 1, 2-bis(3-thienyl)cyclopentene monomer generated a series of novel polymers. All polymers exhibit reversible light-activated interconversion between their colorless-open and their colored-closed forms.
Coat color genetics successfully adapted and applied to different animal species, which provides a good demonstration of the concept of comparative genetics. In this study, we sequenced 945 bp fragments of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene, 421 bp fragments of exon 1 of tyrosinase (TYR) gene and 266 bp fragments of exon 3 of agouti signaling protein (ASIP) gene for 250 individuals with five plumage color patterns. We detected a total of three SNPs (T398A, T637C, and G920C) in MC1R and built six haplotypes (H1-H6) based on the three SNPs. H5 and H6 haplotypes were mainly concentrated in white and grey chicken. And diplotypes H2H3 occurred in white feather and black-speckle feather with the same frequency. Moreover, a total of three SNPs (C47G, T120C, and T172C) in TYR were found and built six haplotypes (P1-P6) based on the three SNPs. Among them, haplotype P2, P3 and P6 were not occurred in black chicken, the diplotypes P1P6 and P4P6 were only distributed in white, gray and black-speckled feather. We only detected one SNP (T168C) in ASIP gene and found that genotype TT was advantage genotype in the different plumage color groups of chickens. Collectively, our study suggested an association between plumage color and genetic variation of MC1R, TYR and ASIP in chicken. Keywords Chicken • MC1R, TYR and ASIP genes • SNP • Plumage Color Chao-wu Yang and Jin-shan Ran contributed equally to this work, and shall share the first author. Yi-ping Liu and Xiao-song Jiang contributed equally to this work, and shall share the correspondence author.
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