and psychiatric problems. Recent studies demonstrated that transplantation of all kinds of human stem cells into patients with PD could help replacing endogenous degenerating dopamine (DA) neurons and ameliorate the clinical symptoms of PD (2, 6, 7).Recent studies have revealed the successful reversal of parkinsonian symptoms in monkeys, rats, and patients with PD after transplantation of different kinds of stem cells (18,22,23,24). However, the safety and valuation of transplantation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) remains controversial.A boy with ataxia telangiectasia (AT) was treated not only with intracerebellar but intrathecal injection of human fetal NPCs. Four years after the transplantation he came with a multifocal brain tumor. Molecular and cytogenetic genetics detectionsParkinson's disease (PD), also called parkinsonism, is the most common central nervous system degenerative disease secondary to dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), decrease in the synthesis of dopamine and excitation of acetylcholine (24). Most evident symptoms are movement-related, including movement disorders, tremor and rigidity.Gradually, thinking and behavioral problems may arise, with dementia commonly occurring in the last phases of the disease, whereas depression is the most common psychiatric symptom.Dementia and depression will heavily influence the quality of patient lives. Other symptoms include sensory, emotional AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical safety, feasibility and efficacy of transplantation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) in the treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIAL and METHODS:Twenty-one patients, aged 42-79 years (median age 57.33 years), participated in the study. A total of 3 × 107 NPCs in 0.25 ml were deposited unilaterally into the striatum. To access the effectiveness of first transplantation surgery, comparisons between the resulting pre-first surgery evaluation and pre-second surgery evaluation were made with repeatedmeasures analysis of variance. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn-Yahr, PDQ-39 and Schwab-England Scores were used to evaluate the Parkinson patients' neurofunctions. Four aspects were used to assess the possible side effects of transplantation: a) tumor formation, b) immune rejection and use of immunosuppressant, c) graft induced complication and d) delivery related side effects. RESULTS:This study demonstrated that the symptoms of PD patients were statistically improved after transplantation (P<0.01). There were no obvious side effects of transplantation. CONCLUSION:Transplantation of neural precursor cells may be a valid and safe treatment method for Parkinson's Disease.
Object: To investigate the possibility that subthalamic nucleus (STN) ablation could prevent the toxicity of the selective dopaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Methods: Sixty rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 10). The control group received a unilateral microinjection of 6-OHDA into the right ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the right median forebrain bundle (MFB). Group 1 received an administration of kainic acid (KA) into the right STN and, 1-week later, an injection of 6-OHDA in the right VTA and MFB. Groups 2–5 received an injection of 6-OHDA in the right VTA and MFB, 1 h, 2 h, 3 days, and 7 days before KA in the right STN respectively. Four weeks later, the changes of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive (dopaminergic) neurons in the SNc were investigated with immunocytochemical and morphometrical methods. Results: The number of TH-positive cells in the SNc on the injected side of treated groups (groups 1–5) and control group were 71.46 ± 6.84, 57.07 ± 5.54, 51.09 ± 4.85, 12.68 ± 2.67, 4.15 ± 1.60 and 3.40 ± 1.54/slice, which decreased to 96.7, 72.9, 69.8, 17.2, 5.6 and 4.4% of the non-injected side, respectively. The number of TH-positive neurons in groups 1–4 significantly increased in comparison with the controls (p < 0.05, 0.01). In group 5, there were no remarkable differences in contrast to the number of TH-positive neurons of the controls (p > 0.05). The difference in the number of TH-positive neurons between groups 1–5 was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The results indicate that STN ablation can provide antiglutamate-based neuroprotection of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway against 6-OHDA toxicity.
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