Abstract-The basic policy tools to regulate greenhouse gas emissions are the carbon taxes and the carbon emissions right trading. In theory, they have equivalents in the efficiency and effectiveness of carbon emissions reduction. However, due to the uncertainty of real world, so they no longer have theoretical equivalent, but difference. Therefore, it is necessary on the basis of the reality of socio-economic development and changes to choice and implement the most effective policy instruments. In the selection and design of specific policies, the diversification, stability and dynamic adjustment of policy objectives, the balance and coordination between international policies, as well as the interaction and coordination between different polices, should fully be considered.Index Terms-Greenhouse gas emissions, policy instruments, carbon tax, carbon emissions right trading, uncertainty.
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