Enhanced coastal upwelling usually occurs near capes (e.g., Castelao & Barth, 2007), due to vorticity effects along with the acceleration of winds and currents (Largier, 2020). Moreover, the wind shadows and upwelling circulation around capes can also generate upwelling shadows on the side protected from the upwelling jet and alongshore wind. An upwelling shadow has been defined as "a localized region of an active coastal upwelling system within which upwelling is reduced, and a coherent pattern of anomalously high
Coastal wind-driven upwelling is an oceanographic process characterized by the rise of cold and nutrient-rich water to shallower ocean layers due to surface wind stress and Ekman transport (Strub et al., 1998). This process develops with higher intensity in the eastern edge zone of the oceans, known as eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUS;Bakun & Nelson, 1991). One of the most important EBUS, in terms of its biological productivity, is present on the subtropical west coast of South America (
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