Sesame production under irrigation is limited in Ethiopia because of in availability of high yielding varieties, inadequate and inefficient irrigation schemes, and insignificant awareness of producers. This study, comprising 13 sesame genotypes, was conducted around Humera and Werer during 2018 and 2019 under irrigation. The design was randomized completely block design with three replications and the objectives were to develop high yielding genotypes and identify important agronomic traits. Multivariate statistical methods like Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model, Principal Component Analysis, Cluster and factor analyses were used. The genotypes (6.22%), environments (42.62) and Genotype × Environment Interactions (25.09%) were statistically (p < 0.001) significant for the agronomic traits. The grain yield in each observation varied from 383 kg/ha to 2044 kg/ha and the grand mean yield was 820.19 kg/ha. The highest mean yield was recorded from G12 (948.6 kg/ha) followed by G4 (938.9 kg/ha) while the lowest was recorded from G8 (703.1 kg/ha). G1, G4, G12, G5, G8, G11 and G13 are identified as unstable genotypes while G2, G3, G6, and G9 are stable genotypes. The genotypes were grouped in to four clusters and cluster-II was characterized as the high yielding cluster and it was also associated with grain yield, pods per plant, branches per plant and thousand seed weight. Branches per plant, pods per plant and thousand seed weight may be most determinant and crucial in developing high yielding sesame varieties. This finding recommends that G4 and G6 are desirable genotypes and can be used for irrigation production.
The experiment was conducted from 2009-2011 cropping seasons. Six mung bean genotypes viz. SML-668, Black bean, Bored, Local Gofa, SML-32 and Local 2-Sheraro were evaluated to early maturing and high yielding genotypes and the design was RCBD with three replications. The combined analysis of variance reviled that there was highly significant variation (p < 0.01) of grain yield among the genotypes, environments and genotype by environment interaction. The genotypic, environmental and the genotype x environment interaction (GIE) accounted about 30.47%, 45.01% and 11.59% of the total variation. The average grain yield of the genotypes was 2008.17 kg/ha. The highest and the lowest mean yield was obtained from SML-668 (2536.47 kg/ha) and SML-32 (1773.59 kg/ha) respectively. The AMMI bi-plot also depicted that, SML-668 and SML-32 were the high yielding and low yielding genotype, respectively. Similar to the AMMI bi-plot, the GGE bi-plot also confirmed that SML-668 was the winning genotype in most of the environments; whereas, SML-32 and local 2-sheraro, were the low yielding genotypes in some or all of the environments. E1, E2 and E6 are discriminating environments and declared as the most representative than E3, E4 and E5. Generally, SML-668 was the ideal genotype with higher mean yield and relatively good stability; Local-2 Sheraro was the moderately good yielding genotype and the most unstable genotype; Whereas, SML-32 was the poorly yielding and unstable genotype.
Background: Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the most important crops in Ethiopia for international market, while its production is challenged by insect infestations and inappropriate agronomic practices. Sesame webworm (Antigastra catalaunalis) is the major pest, which causes heavy losses in Humera areas, Northern Ethiopia. This study aims to determine optimum sowing time and insecticide application frequency for controlling A. catalaunalis.
Results:The results showed that the early sowing gave minimum infestation of sesame webworm and better sesame grain yield. The integration of early sowing and weekly spray (T16) resulted in low incidence (8.8%) and higher grain yield (651 kg/ha), where the combination of late sowing and untreated (control) plot (T3) gave higher incidence (100%) and lower grain yield (69.1 kg/ha). The maximum level of leaf, flower and capsule damage was scored on the late sowing and untreated plot, while the lowest was in the early sowing and weekly sprayed plot.
Conclusions:Planting sesame early on the onset of rainfall followed with two application of insecticide at 2 and 4 weeks after emergence was found economical and optimum management option for controlling A. catalaunalis.
Sesame (Sesamum indicum) is one of the most important cash crops grown extensively for its seeds in Ethiopia. Production of sesame in the country is very crucial in many aspects, but the invasion of the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, is becoming a big deal in its production. A survey for mealybug infestation was conducted during 2016 production season in 15 localities of "Kafta Humera" district so as to assess the incidence and severity of the pest. In each locality 2 sesame farms have been selected and 6 samples per farm (2 samples from the road sides, 2 from camp surrounding, and 2 from the central part of the farms) have been checked. During the survey, "Bowal" and "Sherif Hamad" have scored the higher incidence and severity of mealybugs. Road sides and camp surrounding of the farms were shown to have severe infestation. Stony and oxen plowed farms were also intensively invaded with cotton mealybugs. The pest has different natural means to infest new areas; thus its control measure has to be developing timely.
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