Background: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment. The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease according to symptomatic events is still a puzzling task. Developing a biomarker-based, low-cost, and high-throughput test, readily applicable in clinical laboratories, dramatically impacts the rapid and reliable detection of the disease. Objective: This study aimed to develop an accurate, sensitive, and reliable screening tool for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease, which can significantly reduce the cost and time of existing methods. Methods: We have employed a MALDI-TOF-MS-based methodology combined with a microaffinity chromatography enrichment approach using affinity capture resins to determine serum kappa (κ) and lambda ( light chain levels in control and patients with AD. Results: We observed a statistically significant difference in the kappa light chain over lambda light chain (κLC/LC) ratios between patients with AD and controls (% 95 CI: -0.547 to -0.269, p<0.001). Our method demonstrated higher sensitivity (100.00%) and specificity (71.43%) for discrimination between AD and controls. Conclusion: We have developed a high-throughput screening test with a novel sample enrichment method for determining κLC/LC ratios associated with AD diagnosis. Following further validation, we believe our test has a potential for clinical laboratories.
Introduction: Serum free light chain (FLC) measurements are increasingly prominent for patients with plasma cell disorders (PCDs) in screening, prognostic stratification, and monitoring therapy responses. Objectives: We aimed to develop a sensitive, reliable, and accurate method for diagnosing PCDs that can notably decrease the time and cost of current methods. Methods: Here, we present a novel approach for FLC measurement using immunoenrichment on micro-affinity chromatography in combination with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) detection. In this study, serum free kappa (κ) and free lambda (λ) light chain (LC) levels in the serum of 105 patients were compared between the nephelometric serum FLC quantification and MALDI-TOF MS detection. Results: Cohen's kappa coefficient between the MALDI-TOF MS-based method and the FLC assay revealed an almost perfect agreement in the case of normal (negative) results (κ = 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.837 to 0.968) and a good agreement in the case of increased (positive) results (κ = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.608 to 0.870). In Spearman's correlation analysis, the best correlation was found between serum free κ/λ ratios (r = 0.628, 0.496 to 0.732; p <0.0001). Our method showed sensitivity (92.5%) and specificity (76.3%) for discrimination between the κ/λ FLC ratio compared to the serum FLC assay. Conclusion: The proposed method can significantly contribute to diagnosing and monitoring PCDs as it can significantly be time-saving, cost-effective in FLC measurement.
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effect size of each parameter used in the first trimester Down Syndrome (DS) risk analyses by using multiple regression analysis techniques. Methods This data mining study included data of 44,260 pregnant women screened at the Acibadem Labmed laboratories from 2010 to 2019. In this study, risk was calculated using the PRISCA software on the basis of nuchal translucency (NT), crown-rump length measurement, in vitro fertilization application, diabetes mellitus, Down Syndrome story, smoking, maternal age, and the level of maternal serum biochemistry markers including pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGβ). Results Forty-four thousand two hundred sixty risk analysis patients result data were re-investigate, and 851 (1.93%) risk analysis results were found as positive. PAPP-A 747 (CI%, 476–1,170) times, NT value 512 (CI%, 343–764) times, DS story 21 times (CI%, 6.7–63.2) and hCGβ value 7.01 (CI%, 6.31–7.79) times affect the combined first-trimester risk analysis results. Conclusions We have suggested that those accurate PAPP-A levels and NT levels evaluation are the most critical point of combined risk analysis and that the risk of free hCGβ levels after PAPP-A is essential as a biochemical test.
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