Behçet disease is a chronic inflammatory systemic disorder, characterized by a relapsing and remitting course. It manifests with oral and genital ulcerations, skin lesions, uveitis, and vascular, central nervous system and gastrointestinal involvement. The main histopathological finding is a widespread vasculitis of the arteries and veins of any size. The cause of this disease is presumed to be multifactorial involving infectious triggers, genetic predisposition, and dysregulation of the immune system. As the clinical expression of Behçet disease is heterogeneous, pharmacological therapy is variable and depends largely on the severity of the disease and organ involvement. Treatment of Behçet disease continues to be based largely on anecdotal case reports, case series, and a few randomized clinical trials.

Superficial morphea, a newly described variant of morphea, manifests clinically with hypopigmented or hyperpigmented patches that lack induration. The lesions show on biopsy dermal sclerosis in the superficial to mid-reticular dermis. So far, all cases reported in the literature were skin limited. In this report, we describe a 24-year-old female patient who developed at the age of 4 years plaques characteristic, both clinically and histologically, of superficial morphea. The patient developed later on psoriasis vulgaris. Although the association of scleroderma and psoriasis is rarely reported in the literature, most reports describe a progressive systemic course of scleroderma whenever the two diseases co-exist. This is the first report to describe superficial morphea in association with psoriasis and to provide a 20-year follow-up period during which the superficial morphea remained relatively stable with no evidence of systemic involvement.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a very common medical disorder and a major health problem in North Africa including Libya. DM is associated with an increase in the risk of stroke and hospitalization. Objectives: To estimate the importance of DM as a stroke risk factor among people living in Libyan community. Methodology: The study was community based descriptive cross-sectional study used CHADS2 Questionnaire, as well a local Libyan classification of stroke risk factors called Community Stroke Risk Classification (CSRC). Shambesh et al.; IJTDH, 10(2): 1-9, 2015; Article no.IJTDH.19028 2 Area: North Africa (North of Libya, the capital Tripoli). Time: Five years from 2010-2014. Population: Sampling was done from a large cohort of individuals living in the community, 7497 individuals were screened looking for risk factors of stroke. Results: The prevalence of DM among our participants (7497 individuals) was 39% (2908 patients), among males and females was 54.1% and 45.9% respectively (P =0.0001). Among different age groups, males have higher rates compared to females except in very young (10-19) and very old (>80) where females dominated. The male to female ratio among total population screened was 21%: 17.8% (1573:1335 respectively). DM prevalence increased with age, with higher rates among age over 40 (P <0.0001). 53% of DM patients had hypertension (1538 patients), 21.3% had Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) (618 patients), 13% had Atrial Fibrillation (AF) (382 patients), 22% had Transient Ischemic Attach (TIA) (643 patients), 12.3% had Prior Stroke (PS) (359 patients), All those risk factors accompanying DM increased with age increase (P<0.0001). 100% of DM patients had risk of stroke on CHADS2 and CSRC scores, which mainly concentrated in intermediate and high scores. Conclusion: DM is a major risk factor of stroke among Libyan population and had very high risk scores in CHADS2 and CSRC. Original Research Article

Background: Substance abuse has turned into a great problem in the worldwide. Considering the increased prevalence of addiction in this study, we tried to assess the role of social skills aspects in tendency to addiction among the adolescents. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 high school students studying in the Isfahan City, Iran, from 2016 to 2018. The studied population was assessed using addiction tendency questionnaire and Matson's social skills questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software and independent t -test, Pearson and Spearman correlation, and linear regression test. Results: Social behavior ( P = 0.002, r = −0.124), high self-esteem ( P < 0.001, r = −0.381), and peer-communication ( P < 0.001, r = −0.361) were inversely associated with a tendency to addiction and were independent predictors of it ( P < 0.05). Aggression was associated with increased tendency to the addiction ( P = 0.01, r = 0.103) but not a predictor. Conclusion: We found that appropriate social behaviors, inappropriate assertiveness, and functional communication were factors associated with less tendency to substance abuse in the adolescent.

Background Validity of the cognitive-behavioral model of eating disorders model has not be examined among women of Eastern socities. Thus, the current study aimed to explore the validity of cognitive behavioral model of eating disorders in Iranian student women. Methods Five hundred sixteen student women completed a battery of questionnaires. Results The path anlysis results idicated that both models provided a good fit. In the original model, overvaluation of shape and weight associated with dietary restraint and binge eating (.51). Binge eating and dietary restraint correlated with purging (.18 & .20). However, there was a weak, non-significant negative path between Dietary Restraint and Binge Eating (-.03). In the enhanced model of eating disorders, significant path was revealed between self-esteem and overvaluation of shape and weight (-.21); clinical perfectionism and overvaluation of shape and weightv (.17); Overvaluation of shape and weight and dietary restraint (.51); Overvaluation of shape and weight and binge eating (.63); binge eating and purging (.18); dietary restraint and purging (.15); and interpersonal problems and binge eating (.13). However, clinical perfectionism was not significantly associated with dietary restraint (.07). Distress tolerance did not significantly correlate with binge eating (-.02) and purging (-.06). Interpersonal problems were not associated with dietary restraint (-.02) and purging (.09). Finally, dietary restraint did not correlate with binge eating (-.02). Conclusion The findings provide preliminary evidence for cross-cultural validity of the original and enhanced CB- BN models in Iranian population. It implies that this model can be used as a basis for further understanding of eating problems in Iranian women and their treatment.

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