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Objective: To study the effect of swimming exercise training on plasma irisin level and browning of white adipose tissue in rats models with obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: 60 male rats were d ivided into 4 groups, I) Control group, II) Exercise trained group, III) Obese group: includes 2 subgroups; subgroup A received high-fat diet and subgroup B received high-fat diet associated with daily exercise training and IV) Type 2 diabetic group: includes 2 subgroups; subgroup A and B. Both subgroups have T2DM. Subgroup B, in addition, was associated with daily exercise training after induction of T2DM. Plas ma samples were analy zed for irisin, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose and lipid pro file. Levels of uncoupling protein-1 in subcutaneous abdo minal ad ipose tissue ho mogenates (UCP-1 SAT) and uncoupling protein-1 in perinephric adipose t issue homogenates (UCP-1 PAT) were measured. Results: Subgroup IIIA had significantly higher irisin levels and significantly lower levels of UCP -1 SAT and UCP-1 PAT compared with group I. Subgroup IVA had significantly lo wer levels of irisin, UCP-1 SAT and UCP-1 PAT compared to controls. Chronic exercise significantly increased irisin, UCP-1 SAT, and UCP-1 PAT levels in group II, subgroup IIIB and subgroup IVB. Conclusion: Swimming exercise increases the plasma irisin level in normal, obese and type 2 diabetic rats inducing browning of white adipose tissue. Irisin is increased in obesity which may be attributed to a state of irisin resistance. T2DM is associated with lo wer p lasma irisin levels. Keywords  Irisin  Browning  Obesity  Type 2 diabetes mellitus  Chronic exercise Bull. of Egyp. Soc. Physiol. Sci. Tao L: Irisin improves fatty acid oxidation and glucose utilization in type 2 diabetes by regulating the AMPK signaling pathway. International Journal of Obesity 40, 443-451, 2016. 38) Huh JY, Dincer F, Mesfum E, Mantzoros CS: Irisin stimulates muscle growth-related genes and regulates adipocyte differentiation and Irisin in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus 65 metabolism in humans. Int. J. Li XJ, et al: Irisin is inversely associated with intrahepatic triglyceride contents in obese adults. J Hepatol 59: 557-562, 2013.