Among Oniscidea suborder, Porcellionidae is the richest and widely-distributed Family. However, the phylogeny investigations of its taxa were not completely covered. Therefore, a phylogeographic population and genetic diversity study was carried out here on two cosmopolitan terrestrial isopod species (Porcellionides pruinosus and Porcellio laevis) by utilizing mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene. The sequencing of CO1 among the understudied populations showed nucleotide length ranged from 646 base pairs (bp) to 660 bp. The average contents of nucleotide bases A+T in Porcellionides pruinosus and Porcellio laevis were 63.8% and 63.3%, respectively. Also, the average content of pyrimidines (C+T) bases in Porcellionides pruinosus and Porcellio laevis was higher than the purines content. Nucleotide bases A+T contents were higher than nucleotide bases C+G contents in all populations. The pairwise genetic distances among the understudied Porcellionides pruinosus populations ranged from 0.000 to 0.002. The most related populations were in Qeft and Deshna, where the genetic distance was 0.000. The pairwise genetic distances among the understudied populations of Porcellio laevis ranged from 0.017 to 0.033. The most related populations were in Qeft and Hurghada, where the genetic distance was 0.017. Furthermore, Porcellio laevis populations need more investigations, as it seems to be polyphyletic comparing to Porcellionides pruinosus populations.

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INTRODUCTIONOphichthidae or snake eels is a family of order Anguilliformes, which comprise 19 families, 159 genera and nearly 938 species, most of them are marine, but some species entering rivers (Nelson et al., 2016). The majority of Ophichthidae spends their time buried in sand and applies their sense of smell in hunting small fishes and crustaceans (Nelson, 1994).Comparing with morays snake eels is much less seen. The tiger eel (spotted snake eel) may reach to 1 m long or more, generally lives at depths between 1 and 25 m or more down, mostly in sandy areas by reefs (Debelius, 2011 ; Lieske and Myers, 2012).Recently the phylogenetic relationship of eel species and revised taxonomic hierarchy, evaluated by short fragments of mitochondrial and also nuclear gene (Jamandne et al., 2007; Tang and Fietitz 2012; Peninal et al., 2017).The variation of eel species and evidenced the major lineages originated between the end of Cretaceous

This manuscript aimed to study the effect of co-exposure of both lead acetate and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) on the major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) region and 16S rRNA sequence in vivo. Twenty-four male albino Swiss mice have randomly separated into four groups; Group 1 (control): was received only distilled water. Groups 2-4 received lead acetate (400 mg/kg body weight, orally by gavage for 15 consecutive days) + either distilled water (orally), or ZnCl 2 (4 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal injection), or titanium deoxidize nanoparticles TiO 2 (200 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal injection) for additional 15 consecutive days, respectively. According to the results of 16S rRNA sequence that the highest P-distance value (0.002) found between control group and both (lead acetate and lead acetate+TiO 2 )-treated groups which reflected the genetic effects of both lead acetate and TiO 2 NPs. The results of microsatellites revealed that the exposure to lead acetate affected the genetic structure, where the genetic similarity between control group and lead acetate-treated group was 0.83, while zinc chloride decrease lead acetate-induced genotoxicity where the genetic similarity was 0.88 comparing to the control group. Moreover, the coexposure to lead acetate and TiO 2 NPs led to more genotoxicity and DNA damage, that is clear in the genetic similarity between control group and lead acetate+TiO 2 -treated group which was 0.74.

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