The present study was conducting aiming to throw the light on the retinal structure on the level of both light and electron microscope. Eyeballs of 35 adult clinically healthy goats of both sexes were collected from Beni-Suef abattoir. The eyeballs were clinically examined before they were dissected and fixed in 10% buffed neutral formalin and in Bouin's solution for 24 hours. The specimens were then processed for light and transmission electron microscope. The retina (pars optica retinae) of the goats extends rostrally to cover the ciliary body as pars ciliaris retinae and the iris as the pars iridis retinae. Pars optica retinae and pars iridis retinae form the light non sensitive parts of the retina, while the sensitive part except at the transition zone; the ora serrata and the optic disc, appeared to be formed of ten layers, named from outward to inward as, retinal pigmented epithelium, rods and cones layer (photoreceptor cell layer), external limiting membrane, outer nuclear layer (cell bodies and nuclei of the photoreceptor cells), outer plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer (contained the horizontal, bipolar, Muller and amacrine cells), inner plexiform layer, ganglionic cell layer, nerve fiber cell layer (unmyelinated nerve fibers) and internal limiting membrane.

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Introduction: The objective of this study was to clarify the anatomy of the narial and labial musculatures of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) and their nerve supply. Materials and Methods: Sixteen head specimens from adult and symptomatically healthy camels of both sexes were used. The muscles of the nostrils and lips were carefully dissected and illustrated to demonstrate their origin, insertion and relations. The nerves in this area were also dissected to show their branches and distribution. Results: The dissection of these regions revealed that their muscles were arranged in three layers; the superficial layer included M. dilator naris apicalis, M. dilator naris medialis and M. levator nasolabialis, the middle layer was formed of maxillo-labial group of muscles (M. levator labii superioris, M. dilator naris lateralis and M. depressor labii superioris) and the deep layer was formed by M. lateralis nasi. Moreover, the lips had M. orbicularis oris, M. incisivus superioris, M. incisivus inferioris and M. mentalis, however, the M. depressor labii inferioris was absent in the animal under investigation. The muscles of nostrils and lips were innervated by N. trigeminus (V) and N. facialis (VII). Conclusion:The arrangement of the narial and labial muscles is unique and may relate to its living conditions of frequent sand-storms and direct sun rays, where the camel is the only domesticated animal known for its ability to close its nostril.

Twenty tails of buffaloes were used in this study from apparently healthy adult animals. They are dissected to reveal their arteries and veins. Fourteen photographs illustrated the results in the study. The study revealed that the arterial supply of the tail comes from the median caudal, superficial caudal, deep caudal, dorsolateral caudal arteries and the tail is drained by five caudal veins; median caudal, two ventrolateral caudal and two lateral caudal veins.

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The present study aimed to point out the prenatal developmental stages of the indifferent gonads in rabbit. About 50 embryos and fetuses aged 11 to 18 days postcoitum were used in this study. The embryos of 9 days-old up to 13 days-old fetuses were fixed firstly within the uterus by using modified Davidson's fixative and then were transferred with the caudal halves of the fetuses aged from 14 to 18 days postconception into 10% Neutral buffered formalin for 24 to 48 hours. The specimens were prepared using routine histological work. The morphogenesis of the sexually indifferent gonad of the rabbit was studied by high-resolution light microscopy. The results showed that the gonadal ridges were detected at the 12 th day postconception as a cellular thickening covered by coelomic epithelium on either sides of the dorsal mesentery and attached to the developing pronephros. As the development progressed the gonadal ridge increased in size and cellular constituents and became housing blood vessels and germ cells. The current work concluded that the gonads of the rabbit remained indifferent and neither testis nor ovary was observed until the 17 th day postconception.

Ten tails of buffaloes were used in this study from apparently healthy adult animals. They were dissected to reveal their nerve supply. Eight photographs illustrated the results in the study. The study revealed that there are five pairs of caudal nerves, sympathetic and parasympathetic innervations of the tail are demonstrated.