Textile (cotton) dust, which is harmful to humans and the environment, is one of the largest wastes in the textile industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of this waste in high value-added materials. Physical and mechanical properties and formaldehyde emissions of the three-layered particleboards with textile (cotton) dust in the middle layer were investigated in this study. A phenol formaldehyde resin was used as the binder in particleboard production. Four different amounts of textile dust (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) based on the oven-dried weight of the wood were obtained from a commercial textile manufacturer as industrial waste. The density, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bond, and formaldehyde emissions of the produced panels were determined. The physical and mechanical properties and formaldehyde emissions of the particleboards were negatively affected, which decreased with the addition of a high amount of textile powder. At low rates, the use of textile dust in the middle layer did not significantly decrease the particleboard properties. Textile dust can be a partial solution for the raw material demand of the wood-based panel industry.
The combustion resistance was investigated for dolomite, melamine (MEL), and ammonium polyphosphate used in the surface coating of particleboard. The surface coating materials consisted of a mixture of dolomite, melamine dust, ammonium polyphosphate, calcite, and water. The ratio of dolomite, melamine dust, and ammonium polyphosphate in the mixture was determined to be 10% based on the amount of calcite. The resulting mixture was applied to the surface of the particleboard at a thickness of 0.20 mm. Combustion tests were carried out according to ASTM E 69 standard. As a function of weight loss, the temperature values, amount of oxygen, amount of carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides of the test samples were determined. The results showed that the coating increased the combustion resistance of particleboard. Samples containing a 70% dolomite, 25% melamine dust, and 5% ammonium polyphosphate mixture or 100% dolomite produced the best results. The use of ammonium polyphosphate and dolomite positively affected combustion resistance.
Özet: Biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) yapraklarından elde edilen ürünler tıbbi alanda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Yaprakların değerlendirilmesinden sonra geri kalan biberiye sapları ise atıl olarak kalmaktadır. Bu çalışmada biberiye saplarının kağıt hamuru ve kağıt endüstrisinde değerlendirme potansiyelinin olup olmadığı belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla sapların kimyasal ve morfolojik özellikleri ile lif boyutlarının birbirlerine oranlanması ile bulunan veriler (keçeleşme oranı, elastiklik katsayısı, rijidite katsayısı, mühlstep oranı ve F oranı) tespit edilmiş ve sonuçlar diğer lignoselülozik malzemelerle karşılaştırılmıştır. TAPPI standartlarına göre yapılan kimyasal analiz sonuçlarına göre biberiye sapı %63.6 holoselüloz, % 36.4 αselüloz, %26.9 lignin ve %1.9 kül içermektedir. Çözünürlükleri ise sırasıyla toluen-alkol-aseton % 4.8, sıcak su %10.4, soğuk su %7.9 ve %1 NaOH %22.8'dir. Lif uzunluğu 0.36 mm, lif çapı 12.84 µm, çeper kalınlığı 4.31 µm ve lümen çapı 4.22 µm'dur. Morfolojik özelliklerden türetilen verilere göre keçeleşme katsayısı 27.77, elastiklik katsayısı 32.87, katılık katsayısı 33.57, runkel oranı 2.04, mühlstep oranı 89.20 ve F oranı %82.72'dir. Biberiye sapı holoselüloz, α-selüloz ve lignin bakımından yapraklı ağaç odun özelliği göstermektedir. Morfolojik özelliklerden türetilen verilere göre biberiye sapı, kağıt hamuru ve kağıt üretimine uygun bir hammadde olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
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