Vaginal delivery of the macrosomic fetus may result in hemorrhage of intra-abdominal organs. Mostly affected organs are the liver and adrenal glands. Hemorrhage of liver is usually occurs as a subcapsular hemorrhage and it is clinically presented an abdominal mass without symptoms of anemia. But intraparenchymal hemorrhage of liver is very rare and there is no sign of abdominal mass. However, in contrast to subcapsular hemorrhage, symptoms of anemia are rapidly developed in newborns. A macrosomic newborn by vaginal delivery at term. Within 6 h after delivery, the patient showed pallor without tachycardia and hypotension. In laboratory studies, hemoglobin level failed from 14 g/dL to 10 g/dL within 6 h. Physical examination revealed no signs of abdominal mass. Intraparenchymal hemorrhage in the sixth segment of liver and right adrenal hemorrhage were detected on the ultrasonographic scan. Hepatic function tests were normal in the whole follow-up period, and hemorrhage resolved within two weeks. Following months after discharge, adrenal hemorrhage also resolved without any complication. Hepatic hemorrhages, causing hemorrhagic anemia in neonates, usually occur in subcapsular form. Intraparenchymal hepatic hemorrhage should especially be considered in those newborns, which are rapidly developed symptoms of anemia without any abdominal mass.
Günümüzde trafik sıkışıklığı, insan yaşamını pek çok açıdan olumsuz etkileyen önemli sorunlardan birisidir. Trafik sıkışıklığı özellikle zirve saatler olarak isimlendirilen trafik yoğunluğunun en fazla olduğu sabah ve akşam saatlerinde yaşanmaktadır. Bu saatlerdeki trafik sıkışıklığının temel nedeni ise özel ve kamudaki işyerlerinin mesai başlangıç ve bitiş saatlerinin genellikle çok yakın olmasıdır. Zirve saatlerdeki ulaşım talebinin daha geniş zaman dilimine yayılması trafik sıkışıklığının azaltılması için yollardan birisidir. Kademeli mesai saati uygulaması bu amaçla kullanılan yöntemlerden birisidir. Bu çalışmada, kademeli mesai saati stratejisi ile zirve saatlerdeki trafik sıkışıklığını azaltmak için bir matematiksel model önerilmektedir. Modelde bir şehirdeki başlangıç-varış noktaları arasındaki ulaşım talepleri, güzergâhlar ve yolların kapasiteleri dikkate alınarak her bir varış noktasının mesaiye başlama saatinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bunun için bir 0-1 tam sayılı hedef programlama modeli geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen model farklı büyüklükteki veri setleri için çözülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar kademeli mesai saati stratejisinin zirve saatlerdeki trafik sıkışıklığını büyük ölçüde azaltacağını göstermektedir.Today traffic congestion is one of the most important problems that adversely affect human life in many aspects. Traffic congestion is experienced during the morning and evening peak hours which have the highest traffic intensity. The main reason of the traffic congestion during the peak hours is that the work start and finish times of the firms in both private and public sectors are very close. Spreading the travel demand during peak hours for longer time period is a means to reduce the traffic congestion during the peak hours. The staggered working hours is one of the methods used for this purpose. In this study, a mathematical model is proposed to reduce the traffic congestion by using the staggered working hours strategy. The aim of the model is to find the working hours of the each destination node by considering the travel demands between origin-destination nodes, the paths and the capacities of the roads. A 0-1 integer goal programming model is developed for this purpose. The developed model is solved for different sized data sets. The results show that the staggered working hours strategy will significantly reduce the peak hours traffic congestion.
Agricultural sector that has gained importance in the world. Agriculture field is critically important for the economy of every country. Countries accompany different agricultural production strategies in different regions in accordance with their priorities. The population of the world is rapidly increasing so, the need for food is also increasing. Nowadays, organic planting become a popular topic in the world. Organic agricultural production provide healthier food and more environmentally production system. In this study, a production planning model was developed based on Mean-Variance Model for the production of vegetables in Turkey, which has a significant agricultural production potential for the Aegean region. This study gives as a guide way to the manufacturers for the cultivation plans in future seasons.
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