In this study, we investigated the relationship between welfare standards in sheep farms and farmers’ perceptions of factors affecting animal welfare. We developed a scale of 34 items to measure farmers’ perceptions of animal welfare. We examined the relationships among variables in farmers’ characteristics, our observations, and farmers’ expressed perceptions through a t test, variance analysis and correlation analysis. Results of the research suggested that higher welfare standards for sheep exist on farms run by farmers who have a higher perception level of animal welfare. These farmers believed that personnel and shelter conditions were more effective than veterinary inspection, feeding and other factors in terms of animal welfare. In addition, we detected a significant relationship between the farmers’ perceptions and their gender, educational level, whether they enjoyed their work, or whether they applied the custom of religious sacrifice. Our results showed that emotional and cognitive factors related to farmers’ perceptions may offer opportunities for progress in the domain of animal welfare.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diet supplemented with L-arginine (L-Arg)on growth performance, some serum biochemical parameters and duodenal motility of broilers during three time periods: 0 to 10, 11 to 28 and 29 to 42 days old. A total of 500, mixed sex, one-dayold Ross-308 broiler chicks were divided into five groups as follows: Arg deficient group and four experimental groups. Each group was then divided into five subgroups of 20 chicks each. Arg deficient group for all time periods was fed by basal diet which contained 10% less L-Arg than optimum Arg requirement recommended by the breeder. Experimental groups were fed by basal diet supplemented with L-Arg which was progressively 10% increased in groups. The highest body weight gain (BWG) was observed on days 11-28 and 0-42 in experimental group fed by basal diet supplemented with 110% L-Arg, whereas the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was determined on days 29-42 and 0-42 in the same experimental group. Feed intake did not change in all three periods, while serum urea nitrogen level in the experimental group in which diet supplemented with 10% L-Arg, was lower than other groups on day 0-10. On contractility studies, it was observed that L-Arg inhibited the amplitude of contractions in duodenum in a dosedependent manner in vitro. These results suggest that the basal diet formulated with 90-130% Arg is not effective on growth performance of chicks on days 0-10, whereas the diet supplemented with 10% L-Arg more than optimum Arg requirement is adequate during the days 11-28 and 29-42. Moreover, although the L-Arg decreased the duodenal contractility in vitro, it is suggested that the diet supplemented with 10% L-Arg more than optimum Arg requirement may be negatively affected the FCR in broilers. Keywords: Broiler, L-arginine, Growth performance, Duodenal contractility L-Arjininin Broylerlerde Büyüme Performansı, Bazı Biyokimyasal Parametreler ve Duodenal Motilite Üzerine Etkisi ÖzetBu araştırma 0-10., 11-28. ve 29-42. günler arasında broylerlerde L-arjinin (L-Arj)nin rasyonlara katılmasının büyüme performansı, bazı biyokimyasal parametreler ve duodenal motilite üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada toplam 500 adet, bir günlük yaşta, karışık cinsiyette Ross 308 broyler civciv: Arj yetersiz grup ve dört deneme grubu olmak üzere beş gruba ayrılmıştır. Her bir grup da 20'şer civcivden oluşan 5 alt gruba ayrılmıştır. Arjinince yetersiz grup tüm deneme boyunca üretici tarafından önerilen optimum Arj gereksiniminin %10'undan düşük L-Arj içeren temel rasyon ile beslenmiştir. Deneme grupları ise, temel rasyona %10 progresif artan düzeylerde L-Arj ilave edilen rasyonlarla beslenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda ihtiyacın %110 düzeyinde Arj bulunan diyetle beslenen grupta 11-28 ve 0-42. (P<0.01) günlerde en yüksek canlı ağırlık artışı (CAA), buna karşın aynı deneme grubunda 29-42. ve 0-42. günlerde en düşük yemden yararlanma oranı (YYO) bulunmuştur. Her üç dönemde YT gruplarda değişmezken serum üre azot düzeyi optimum Arj gereksin...

Öz Amaç: Bu araştırma sıklık stresi altındaki broylerlerde rasyona farklı düzeylerde organik ve inorganik manganez (Mn) ilave edilmesinin performans, karkas ve kan parametreleri üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmada toplam 1000 adet günlük yaşta broyler civciv her biri 100 civcivden oluşan 1 kontrol ve 9 deneme grubuna ayrıldı. Kontrol grubu temel rasyonla, deneme grupları ise temel rasyona sırasıyla 6.25, 12.5 ve 25 mg/kg düzeylerinde organik Mn (Mn-metiyonin), 12.5, 25 ve 50 mg/kg inorganik Mn (Mn-oksit), 3.125 + 6.25, 6.25 + 12.5 ve 12.5 + 25 mg/kg organik + inorganik Mn (Mn-metiyonin+Mn-oksit) ilave edilerek beslendi. Bulgular: Araştırmada yaşama gücünün organik ve inorganik Mn ilavesi ile 29-49 ve 0-49 günlük dönemlerde arttığı belirlendi (P<0.001). Canlı ağırlık artışının 15. güne kadar 3.125 + 6.25 mg/ kg Mn-metiyonin + Mn-oksit grubunda arttığı bulundu (P<0.05). Relatif dalak ağırlığının 49. gün yemlerine 12.5 mg/kg Mn-metiyonin ve 6.25 + 12.5 mg/kg Mn-metiyonin + Mn-oksit gruplarında diğer gruplardan daha yüksek olduğu (P<0.05), 6.25 mg/kg + 12.5 mg/ kg Mn-metiyonin + Mn-oksit grubunda abdominal yağ miktarının kontrol grubuna göre daha düşük olduğu (P<0.05) bulundu. Heterofil/lenfosit oranının ise Mn-metiyonin grupları ile 25, 50 mg/kg Mn-oksit ve 3.125 Mn-metiyonin + 6.25 mg/kg Mn-oksit karışımı eklenen gruplarda 49. gün düşük olduğu bulundu (P<0.05). Öneri: Barındırma stresinde bulunan broyler piliçlerde 12.5 mg/kg organik Mn ile 3.125 + 6.25 mg/kg ve 6.25 + 12.5 mg/kg organik ve inorganik Mn karışımı ilave edilmiş yemlerle beslenmesinin performans, yaşama gücü ve stres yanıtı üzerine olumlu etkiler oluşturduğu kanaatine varıldı.

The aim of the study was to evaluate live weights, body measurements, and real-time ultrasound carcass traits of F1 and BC1 genotypes in a marker assisted introgression (MAI) process. Effects of some factors on live weight and body measurements including ultrasonographic assessments in Musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) were investigated at the F1 (n=51) and BC1 (n=99) cross lambs born in 2015 -2017 period. Variance analysis showed that genotype had significant (P < 0.001) effect on pre-and post-weaning growth characteristics. The birth type had significant (P < 0.05) effect on pre-and post-weaning growth traits. Live weights at twelve months of age were higher in heavier born lambs. The growth performance of F1 lambs was between Texel and Ramlıç. Myostatin heterozygous BC1 lambs had been potentially heavier than the non-carriers and pure Texel. MLD depth and area were also statistically higher (P < 0.05) in BC1 lambs carrying myostatin than non -carriers. As a result, the beginning phase of introgression processes implemented was found to be successful.

Abstract. The aim of the study was to evaluate the growth, body and ultrasonic measurements and some carcass traits of purebred Ramlıç, Texel and crossbred (87.5 % Ramlıç and 12.5 % Texel) lambs in a marker-assisted introgression (MAI) project. The effects of some environmental factors such as genotype, sex, birth type, dam age, weaning age, and birth weight on growth, ultrasound measurements, and carcass traits were significant (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between pure Ramlıç and its myostatin carrier (+/-) and non-carrier (-/-) second backcrosses (BC2) for birth weight, daily live weight gain, and weaning weight. The BC2 genotype (+/-) was statistically caught up with pure Ramlıç for wither height, body length, and rump width. Differences in the longissimus muscle depth indicated that the BC2 (+/-) genotypes tended to be better for both pure Ramlıç and Texel lambs. Texel lambs were superior to Ramlıç in the aspect of some carcass characteristics such as leg length, cold right-half carcass weight, foreleg weight in the left-half carcass, and muscle weight in the left leg. BC2 (+/-) lambs were in the middle of both breeds for the traits. BC2 lambs carrying myostatin did not vary from Ramlıç morphologically. The new type of Ramlıç was also closer to Texel in the aspect of carcass characteristics. In this connection, improvement of indigenous breeds could be achieved by MAI without changing the essential characteristics. For the summary, please visit http://www.mustafatekerli.com (last access: 14 June 2022).

The presence of water buffalo in Turkey dates back to 3000 BC. These animals, known as Anatolian water buffalo, have 50 chromosomes and belong to the riverine buffalo group. This is the only breed of water buffalo in Turkey. Anatolian water buffaloes are covered with a black or gray skin and sparse hair cover. Some water buffalo might have white markings on their foreheads and the tip of their tails. The horns of Anatolian water buffalo are bow-like and arc backwards. Calves are black at birth. However, at the age of 3-6 months they become reddish-brown. At the age of 10-12 months they become black again. Anatolian water buffaloes are very resistant to sudden changes in feed as well as diseases (1). The current number of these animals is 172,181 heads and they are generally raised for meat and milk (2,3). The loss of calves is of major economic importance in Turkey, as in the world (4). Different researchers suggested that factors such as birth season, genotype, and sex may affect vitality (5-10). In some studies carried out with Murrah, Nili-Ravi, and Surti breeds, the mortality rate was reported between 5% and 49.90% (4,7,10-15). Body measurements taken at different times were ages with rate of growth and also economic features, such as viability (11). In the studies conducted by Izgi and Asker (16), Sekerden (17), Sekerden et al. (18), Sekerden and Tapki (19), and Sekerden (20), it was reported that some body measurements of Anatolian buffalo calves were affected by factors such as genotype, sex, year of birth, parity, and birth season. Studies carried out for Anatolian water buffaloes and crosses revealed that birth weight was between 26.50 and 32.30 kg (21, 22). Weight at 6 months of age was from 109.40 to 112.30 kg, while weight at 12 months was 178.40-181.00 kg (20,21). Sekerden (17,20) reported that the overall means for withers height were 96.30 and 106.30 cm at 6 and 12 months of age. The same researcher showed that the overall means of body length, chest depth, chest width, chest circumference, and cannon-bone circumference for 6 and 12 months of ages were 90.

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