This research aims to determine the attitudes of the farmers whose lands are affected by liquefaction in Jono Oge, Central Sulawesi Province, The Republic of Indonesia. The methods used here were integrated survey and experimental design. The survey approach was intended to figure out the attitudes of the farmers viewpoints: (1) to return to their activities on the agricultural lands affected by liquefaction; (2) to consume their own agricultural products; and (3) of their willingness to be relocated. The experimental design approach was used to figure out the effectiveness of organic material input combined with the SP-36 fertilizer. The obtained results were analyzed using the Likert Scale, diversity test, correlational test, and regression test. The results showed that the farmers persevered farming on the lands affected by liquefaction (Index = 88.82%) yet refused to consume their own agricultural products with the reason that corpses remained buried beneath their lands (Index = 27.82%); and they also refused to be relocated (Index = 28.80%). The continued production suitability of the affected land was also investigated. Terrain profile identification results in Jono Oge showed the disaster impact was dominantly landslide as it still showed a clear characteristic horizon between the topsoil and the sub soil. This contrasts to terrain at Petobo, Central Sulawesi Province, where the high mix of the topsoil with the sub soil of agricultural land affected by liquefaction, prevented demarcation of the horizon. The land treatment of organic material and SP-36 fertilizer showed that the combined dose (M) of 40-kg ha-1 with P 300-kg ha-1 had the highest effect by changing the field pH from 5.7 to 6.41, increased the availability of P and increased the corncob indicator plant weight. Based on these indications, the lands affected by the liquefaction in Jono Oge can still be used as agricultural lands through restoration, from both social and technical aspects.
Groundwater is water stored in aquifers in a groundwater basin, which is influenced by geologic, hydrogeological, tectonic forces, and the structure of the earth. Increased water demand causes problems in water management, which are characterized by a decrease in water availability, especially groundwater. Groundwater resources are renewable, but refill time is relative, depending on water availability, surface conditions, rainfall, lithology, hydraulic conductivity, topography, groundwater level depth, and the influence of the nature of unsaturated zones. These conditions cause a decrease in groundwater availability. This phenomenon is also found in Central Sulawesi Province, especially at Palu Groundwater Basin. The distribution of groundwater potential, which has the spatial and temporal characteristics of the confined aquifer, has caused insufficient water supply at Palu Groundwater Basin. Thus, according to the problem, the research objectives are to analyze groundwater quantitative potential based on the characteristics of a confined aquifer on each hydro-morphology and the hydrogeology units of the aquifer. The study of the groundwater quantitative potential is based on spatial, geomorphologic, and geologic approaches, and is required to be done with survey methods, and analysis using Darcy's Law. The research result indicates that: The characteristic of a confined aquifer consists of an aquifer system in alluvial plains together with denudation. Based on the topographic relief variation conditions, including the structure of the material and geomorphic process, the lithology and stratigraphy that sort Palu Groundwater Basin consists of Alluvium and the Pakuli Formation with the lithology variation. Confined aquifers are big (> 10.0 l/sec). The potency groundwater zone in the Palu Groundwater Basin is fluctuated greatly, ranging from high to medium. The groundwater potency based on a hydro-morphology at landform unit alluvial plains varies between medium to high potency.
An earthquake with a magnitude of 7.4 in Palu City and Donggala District in Central Sulawesi Province on September 28, 2018 has caused a liquefaction disaster. Basically liquefaction can occur in earthquake prone areas, shallow phreatic depth and poorly consolidated soil. This study attempts to examine the relationship between phreatic depth and the probability of liquefaction. The research method is an analog and numerical relation model, by combining the aquifer system model and groundwater geographic information system with landuse patterns in areas affected by liquefaction disasters. This method is described in Spatial and Environmental Analysis, which is supported by the use of satellite imagery and the analysis process with the Arc View Gis 3.3 program. The results showed that there was an influence between rainfall on the spatial distribution of phreatic depth, with the average rainfall in the Palu area being 68.74 mm / month and the depth of phreatic level ranged from medium (2.5 - 7.0 meters from ground level) - shallow (<2.5 meters from ground level). Based on the phreatic depth of the Palu groundwater basin, the chances for liquefaction are in the medium to high zone class.
Natural disasters such as earthquake, tsunami and liquefaction in Central Sulawesi Province in 2018 had a significant impact on economic growth. This demands disaster risk reduction, especially liquefaction disasters. This research was conducted in Tindaki Groundwater Basin, Parigi Moutong Regency, especially in Parigi sub-district, which includes: Lebo, Bambalemo, Kampal, Maesa, Bantaya, and Olaya. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of risk of liquefaction based on the spatial distribution of the unconfined aquifer in Tindaki Groundwater Basin. The number of samples is 100 points taken randomly, consisting of community dug wells to obtain phreatic depth. The technique of collecting data is random and proportional sampling.The method used in this study is geological and hydrogeological approaches with rock formation as a determining parameter for groundwater density. The results showed that the average depth of the phreatic level was <10 meters from the ground and was in the alluvium formation. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the potential for liquefaction in the research area is in the medium to high potency.
The disaster that occurred on 28 September 2018 in Palu City, Sigi and Donggala regencies had an impact on damage to a number of water resource. This study aims to determine the quantitative potential of springs with using a geospatial approach and hydrogeomorphological mapping. Based on the results of the field survey, the springs in Palu Groundwater Basin amounted to + 104 springs with divisions in the east and west. The results showed that in Palu Groundwater Basin the appearance of springs was not only caused by geomorphological conditions but also influenced by geological conditions. Based on the type of springs, it is dominated by the type of artesian, fracture and contact. The quantitative potency level of springs ranges from small (< 5.0 liters/second) to large (> 10.0 liters/second) quantitative potency levels. Small quantitative potential levels (< 5.0 liters/second) in the eastern part include the districts: East Palu, South Palu, Dolo and Biromaru. The western part of Palu Groundawter Basin includes the sub-districts: West Palu and South Palu. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the quantitative potential of springs is very potential to meet the needs of clean water in post-disaster areas.
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