Purpose: To find out the effect of oral contraceptive pills on tear film and intraocular pressure of women of reproductive age group. Study Design: Observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Khalid Eye clinic, Karachi, from February 2019 to January 2020. Methods: Eighty females between the 20 to 40 years of age were recruited for this study. They were divided into two groups of forty each. Group A included females using oral contraceptive pills for at least last nine months. Whereas, group B included control group of age matched females not using any contraceptive pills. The study dynamics was explained to all participants and informed consent was obtained. Tear film status was assessed on the basis of Tear film break up time (TBUT) on slit lamp examination and Schirmer strip test 2 (without anesthesia). Intraocular pressures were checked using Goldman Applanation tonometer. Studywas approvedfrom ethical review committee of the hospital. Results: Mean age was 29.3 ± 3.27 years. Tear film break up time was < 7 ± 1.5 sec in group A and > 10 ± 1.2 sec in group B. Schirmer strip test was ≤ 9 ± 1 mm of wetting in group A and ≥ 13 ± 1 mm of wetting in group B. Mean intraocular pressure was 17 ± 2 mmHg in group A whereas 13 ± 2 mmHg in group B. Grittiness, heaviness and foreign body sensation were more common in group A. Conclusion: Use of oral contraceptive pills has an adverse effect on the tear film status and intraocular pressures. Key Words: Oral contraceptive pills, Tear film, TBUT, Schirmer’s test, Intraocular pressure.
Purpose: To find out the efficacy and structural stability of autologous serum for the fixation of limbal conjunctival Autograft in the management of pterygium surgery. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Orbit and Oculoplastic department of LRBT Hospital, Karachi, from June 2020 to November 2020. Methods: This study included 100 eyes of 100 patients with primary pterygium.Eyes with nasal Pterygium of grade III were included. Patients with ocular surface disorders, infection, inflammation, pseudo pterygium, pterygium at temporal side and coagulation disorders were excluded. After pterygium excision, a free limbal conjunctival Autograft was taken from superotemporal quadrant of bulbar conjunctiva of same eye and was used to cover the bare sclera with autologous serum. Subconjunctival injection of antibiotic and steroid was given followed by 24 hour of eye pad. Postoperative outcomes of the graft were noted at theend of the six months period of follow up. Results: The mean age of the patients was 46.5 ± 8.97 years (range 20 – 60 years). Male to female ratio was 3:1 (75 males and 25 females). Graft loss was found in five patients, graft edema in one patient, graft retraction in three patients, graft overriding in two patients, recurrence of pterygium in six patients, granuloma in two patients and subconjunctival hemorrhage in 10 patients. Conclusion: Autologous serum for fixation of limbal conjunctival Autograft is a safe, efficient and cost-effective method of treatment for primary pterygium surgery.
Purpose: To find out the Centrality of Hirschberg reflex in young emmetropic females and to correlate it with asthenopia. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Outpatients department of Khalid Eye Hospital, Karachi, from January to December 2019. Methods: Six hundred young emmetropic females 10 to 25 years of age were included. We performed the Hirschberg test and Jackson cross cylinder to assess the astigmatism and observed near point of convergence to find out convergence insufficiency. Results: Out of 600 young emmetropic females only one hundred and ninety had a central Hirschberg corneal reflex along with an astigmatism of 0.25 to 0.50 which was observed in one hundred and sixty five patients. One hundred and twenty five had a receded near point of convergence. Conclusion: Acentrality of Hirschberg can be a cause of asthenopia among young emmetropic females. Key Words: Asthenopia, Astigmatism, Emmetropia, Hirschberg corneal reflex.
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