This paper investigates the impact of the fly Ash addition on the Geotechnical properties of soft soil as well as chooses the optimum percentage added of fly ash. To understand the behavior of fly ash mixed with soil, a number of laboratory experiments testing conducted on clayey soil-fly ash mixture in several percentages (5,10,15,20,25, and 30%) as Atterberg test, Specific gravity test, compaction test, California Bearing Ratio (C.B.R) Test, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) Test, Consolidation Test. Test results indicate rising in plastic limit and liquid limit as fly ash adding. Specific gravity decreased essentially by adding fly ash. Whereas there was falling on the Dry unit weight value with the contract to the decreasing in the water content. The CBR and UCS values were increased with increasing fly ash content. 20% was the optimum fly Ash content. This study also benefits the effective use of fly ash and thus a cost-effective method for improving the soil properties.
The effect of Cyclic loading on the foundation behaviour of many engineering structures presents more important and related to many problems in geotechnical engineering, Especially when construction on soft ground area which represent one of the major concerns in geotechnical engineering. This paper is conducted to investigate the influence of using several improving techniques as (fly ash, Geo-grid, fly ash and Geo-grid) on the behavior of soft clayey soil subjected to cyclic loading. A total of twenty four models have been tested which consists of a wide domain of boundary conditions, such as untreated model, Geo-grid reinforced models, fly ash treated models and models treated with fly ash incorporated with Geo-grid were conducted by varying parameters such as, footing elevations, test velocity and number of geogrid layers. The analysis demonstrates that the settlement behaviour of footing resting on treated models with fly ash and two Geo-grid layers perform better than other improving techniques. Also observed there was an increase in settlement, which corresponds to the increase in test velocity from 6 to 9 mm/sec. Furthermore, it was conducted that the more depth of footing the soil settlement decreases. In general, when other factors remaining constant, the bearing capacity of soil goes on increasing when the depth increased.
This paper comprises the study and analysis of Baghdad soil for eight geotechnical properties, which extract from field experiments of 630 boreholes with depth taken to 30m and representing 200 sites. Soil investigation reports are composed from altered laboratory tests. The soil layers. Divided into each 2m, which means 15 studied’ layers and soil properties values were embraced and submitted. in tables and charts which have been analysis-using excel2013 and check the charts using curve expert program to get the relationships between the properties values and the factor of safety against liquefaction. The correlations between liquefaction potential represented by the safety factor and soil properties for the available data of 200 sites in Baghdad have been studied and statistically studied ‘to evaluate both of soil properties and liquefaction potential index. Eight factors affecting liquefaction have been correlated with factor of safety for all earthquake magnitudes (ML= 4to 6.5 with 0.5 interval). These factors are, groundwater table, fill layer depth, standard penetration test (SPT- N value), saturated unit’ weight (γ), Relative density (Dr %), soil fractions (clay, silt and sand %), and total settlement (Stot). For better correlations, the same factors have been correlated with safety factor but for each earthquake magnitude alone.
The present study has been carried out to study experimentally the contact pressure transmitted of dynamic machine foundation on unreinforced and reinforced multi-layered sandy soil (medium-dense sand MD). The relative density of the first layer was 50% corresponding to medium sand soil, while the relative density of the second layer was 85% corresponding to dense sand soil. The tests have been carried out on 8 models. The amplitude of the applied harmonic load was 0.25 ton and 2 ton with a frequency of 0.5 Hz. For each load amplitude, models of sand were tested in two cases reinforced and unreinforced models. Three types of reinforcements were used at 0.5B depth where B is the width of the square foundation. Analyzing the dynamic behavior of tested soil samples and presenting of some concluded remarks were done.
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