Longkou brown coal was oxidized by H 2 O 2 at 40 °C for 10 h. Water-phase fraction from the reaction mixture was extracted with chloroform to afford chloroform-soluble, chloroform-insoluble but water soluble (CIWS) and solid subfractions. A series of heteroatom(s)-containing organic compounds were detected with GC/MS from the CIWS subfraction. The heteroatoms included O, N, S, and Cl.

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Volatile fingerprinting plus multivariate statistical analysis can rapidly differentiate between the different varieties and qualities of the three major Chinese hops. Furthermore, this method can be used as a reference in other fields. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.