Security has played a major role in cognitive radio networks. Numerous researches have mainly focused on attacking detection based on source localization and detection probability. However, few of them took the penalty of attackers into consideration and neglected how to implement effective punitive measures against attackers. To address this issue, this article proposes a novel penalty mechanism based on cognitive trust value. The main feature of this mechanism has been realized by six functions: authentication, interactive, configuration, trust value collection, storage and update, and punishment. Data fusion center (FC) and cluster heads (CHs) have been put forward as a hierarchical architecture to manage trust value of cognitive users. Misbehaving users would be punished by FC by declining their trust value; thus, guaranteeing network security via distinguishing attack users is of great necessity. Simulation results verify the rationality and effectiveness of our proposed mechanism.
Millimeter wave (mmWave) communications is a prospective candidate technology for multi-gigabit rates multimedia applications. To combat the severe propagation attenuation of mmWave, the high gain directional antenna is commonly employed at the nodes. Moreover, exploiting multiple radios over multiple channels is also a promising technology to improve the throughput and delay performance of mmWave communications. In this paper, considering the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) constraint, we develop a multi-path multi-hop multi-radio multi-channel (MPMH-MRMC) concurrent transmission scheduling algorithm to fully exploit spatial reuse in mmWave wireless personal area networks (WPANs). The problem of MPMH-MRMC scheduling is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) to clear all the flows within a minimum number of time slots, which is generally NP-hard. We further propose a heuristic MPMH-MRMC scheme with low computational complexity to solve the problem. Finally, through extensive simulations, we demonstrate that MPMH-MRMC can significantly improve the network performance in terms of network throughput and transmission delay under various traffic patterns.
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