Apstrakt: Zločini mržnje predstavljaju specifičan oblik kriminalnog ponašanja kod kojih mržnja prema određenim grupama predstavlja osnovni motiv njihovog izvršenja, odnosno kod kojih predrasuda izvršioca o pripadnosti žrtve određenom kolektivitetu i mržnja prema pripadnicima tog kolektiviteta predstavljaju osnov za vršenje inkriminisanog ponašanja (zločina). Proučavanje istorijskog i savremenog konteksta položaja žrtava zločina mržnje nesporno ukazuje na postojanje grupa čiji su intenzitet viktimiziranosti i vulnerabilnosti izraženiji, a među njima posebno se ističu pripadnici romske populacije. Na početku rada data je društvena i politička pozadina fenomena zločina mržnje prema Romima, dok je centralni deo rada posvećen analizi položaja Roma žrtava zločina mržnje u današnjoj Evropi -kroz primer savremene Italije. Kroz tekst, autori su prezentovali i načine državne reakcije, kao i reakciju Evropske unije, drugih međunarodnih institucija i organizacija na stanje u Italiji. Na kraju rada, data je analiza uspešnosti mera integracije.Ključne reči: Romi, žrtve, zločini mržnje, viktimološki aspekt. . UvodLjudska istorija prožeta je dešavanjima koja bismo modernim rečnikom nazvali zločini mržnje. Ovakvi zločini ostavili su posledice ne samo po žrtve tih ponašanja već su oblikovali i istoriju pojedinih država. Do-* Vanredni profesor, Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Nišu Ovaj rad predstavlja rezultat teorijskog istraživanja na projektu "Zaštita ljudskih i manjinskih prava u evropskom pravnom prostoru" (br. projekta 179046), koji finansira Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije.
Contemporary Serbian criminal legislation characterizes the concept of expansionism – the strengthening of the prescribed penalties and extending the limits of criminal repression (“punitive populism”), as legislative response to the trends of criminality, potential security challenges and public attitudes on the adequacy of the social response to the phenomenon of crime. The latest in a series of legislative changes envisages the introduction of life imprisonment as a new penalty in the criminal sanction system and, at the same time, the abolition of (long-term) imprisonment from thirty up to forty years. The severity of the criminal law reaction is reflected not only in the introduction of life imprisonment, but also in the prohibition of conditional release for the convicted, to life imprisonment for certain serious crimes, although such a solution is often challenged in comparative and international jurisprudence. The aim of this paper is to review the justification of introducing life imprisonment in our criminal legislation and to point out the (in)acceptability of certain normative solutions; to determine the potential scope and effects of life imprisonment as penalty, that is, to critically analyze the adequacy of the retributive approach in relation to the trends of criminality and contemporary security challenges.
Sentence of juvenile imprisonment is analyzed in its theoretical aspect and then in the aspect of legislative regulation in positive criminal legislation. Taking into consideration the content and legal nature, in practice this subject is mainly defined through criminal law in its material aspect, with certain explanation of those questions that are related to procedural and executive law to that level which the subject of investigation allows. In the perspective of criminal law, the legal terms in both national and comparative juvenile legislation are analyzed, in order to determine the complete sense and justification of the punishment. The analysis is done through interrelations of juvenile imprisonment sentence and certain institutes of criminal law, then relevant theoretical and practical concepts and discussions. Normative aspect aims to better explain the content and function of this punishment based on certain legal modification both in national and in comparative law, especially in European criminal legislation. Criminal justice analysis of the terms of juvenile court, contributes to clear differentiation from other criminal sanctions, above all, corrective measures, with special effect on its practical use. The investigation made in regards to the content, conditions of passing and justification of juvenile imprisonment sentence provides certain knowledge of its efficacy and justification in the system of criminal sanctions. The necessity of studying general and specific circumstances for its imposing contributes to more complete approach to the discussions both in the theory and court practice. Allowing the possibility that the sentence of juvenile imprisonment is only imposed on senior juveniles, simultaneously leads us to think that a special attention will be paid to two groups of circumstances: level of maturity and necessary time for both behavioral and professional education of the juvenile. In parallel to this aspect, some other questions appearing both in theoretical and practical aspect of this serious and only punishment have been discussed.
Криминалитет је патолошка друштвена појава, универзалног карактера. Без обзира на степен развоја и облик уређења социјалне заједнице криминалитет карактерише свеприсутност. Посматрано кроз призму историјског развоја људске цивилизације, временом се мењају појавни облици, феноменолошка обележја, обим и структура криминалитета. Процеси инкриминализације и декриминализације су динамичког карактера и нису искључиво везани за временску димензију-зависе и од степена развоја, традиције и културе, економског уређења, правног и политичког система појединих држава.
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