Th e presented article focuses on an analysis of the phenomena appearing in the implementation of the transition from classic conventional technology in the production of agricultural food products to an ecological manner of farming. Th e main objective is an empirical analysis of the determinants of the implementation of ecological production technology, whereby not only is their defi nition focused on, but also the quantifi cation of the level of their eff ect. Th e primary methodological tool for achieving the objective is a binary choice model, which was estimated in three variants -probit model, logit model and linear probability model. Th ese estimations are conducted on the basis of the unbalanced panel data from 531 agricultural businesses -legal entities obtained over the time period [2004][2005][2006][2007][2008]. Results of the analyses indicate that the transition to and implementation of the organic production technology is negatively aff ected primarily by the higher age of the farmers and the high productivity of labour. On the other hand, the subsidies for the support of organic agriculture, as well as a high return on cost can be considered as the factors which positively infl uence the implementation of the organic technology. Given this fact, it is possible, through agricultural policy, to eff ectively infl uence the number of organically managing farmers, as well as the acreage of the organically managed land. And from the achieved outputs, the type of farm is subsequently characterised where a transition to organic farming may most likely be expected.

The paper deals with the analysis of productivity and efficiency differences between Czech and Slovak milk producers. The estimate of stochastic metafrontier multiple output distance function revealed that both Czech and Slovak milk producers highly exploit their production possibilities. On the other hand, productivity differences were pronounced. The Slovak regions were found being falling behind. Only the West Slovak regions can keep pace with competitors. The Central Bohemia and Moravian-Silesian regions are the most productive regions. We found that technical efficiency and management component are the most important factors determining the regional differences.

TRNKOVÁ, G., MALÁ, Z.: Analysis of distribution impact of subsidies within the Common Agricultural Policy on fi eld production businesses in the Czech Republic. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2012, LX, No. 7, pp. 415-424 The article deals with the analysis of inequality in the distribution of the economic result in businesses engaging in fi eld production in the Czech Republic, by way of the assessment of the impact of subsidies on the said inequality and by defi ning the eff ect of the size of the business on the economic result as well as inequality. The methodical tool is the quantifi cation of the Gini coeffi cient and its elasticity. The data basis consists of panel data of 140 agricultural businesses focusing on fi eld production for the period of the years 2005-2010. The main results of the submitted article substantiate a high inequality in the distribution of the economic result for the accounting period among fi eld production businesses. The said inequality is not generally caused by the diff ering size of the analyzed businesses, and the associated volume of subsidies obtained, but is aff ected by other factors, such as the management quality, the investment activity of the business, or exceptional events. Subsidies do contribute to the more equal distribution of the economic result, but their impact is very small. Out of the individual categories of subsidies, the ones with the main redistribution eff ect are direct payments, as a result of the high proportion of total subsidies that they comprise. farm profi t, farm loss, inequality, Gini coeffi cient, subsidy, arable farming, Czech Republic

Common agricultural policy has fundamentally projected itself into the business management of individual agricultural businesses. The submission addresses the assessment of the effects of subsidy policy on the production, costs and profit of agricultural businesses that engage predominantly in plant production. At the same time, it determines the effects of subsidy policy on demand for the production factors of labour and land. To the research questions more than 100 agriculture businesses were analyzed. The date from financial statements enabled to construct production function model, to quantify the cost function, the function of demand for land, the demand for the production factor of labour and finally the profit function was constructed. The results of research evidence the fact that direct payments have a negative effect on the production of agricultural businesses, but on the other hand they initiate demand for agricultural land and increase the profit of agricultural producers. The results also show direct payments do not motivate agriculture businesses towards increased production. The direct payments also increase the demand for production factor of land and they have also a significant effect on the value of profit.

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