ATTITUDES TOWARD GLOBALIZATION AND IDENTITY STYLESThe main aim of the article is to show the possible relations between attitudes toward globalization as described by Senejko and Łoś and the specificity of identity styles as described by Berzonsky. The participants were 601 people aged 16-26 -school students, university students, and working people from the Dolnośląskie Voivodeship, Poland. We used the following instruments: The World-I Questionnaire (measuring attitudes toward globalization) and the Identity Style Inventory (ISI-5).The results obtained in correlational analyses and cluster analyses show that people with a strongly manifested accepting attitude toward globalization are characterized mainly by the informational style and the least strongly by the normative and diffuse-avoidant styles. As the results showed, the critical attitude toward globalization occurs in the form of two clusters: (1) with strong critical and accepting attitudes (people with this configuration of attitudes exhibit a strongly expressed informational identity style and commitment and a weakly expressed normative style); (2) with strong critical and fearful attitudes (individuals with this configuration of attitudes mainly exhibit the normative identity style and commitment). People with a strongly expressed fearful attitude toward globalization typically use the diffuse-avoidant or normative styles, while the least strongly expressed identity style in this group is the informational style and commitment. Cluster analysis made it also possible to distinguish people with a distanced attitude toward globalization, characterized by fairly strong identity commitment.
The article is devoted to the issue of sustainable development and practical aspects of its implementation in the field of construction. Priority directions in formation of strategy of sustainable development of construction companies are established. The success of the implementation of the established areas of activity depends on the indicators of effectiveness and efficiency in the field of sustainable development and corporate social responsibility and their monitoring systems. The analysis was performed on 100 construction companies in Ukraine. The construction industry illustrated by concentration calculation indexes which allow to quantify the degree of concentration and intensity of competition in construction. Recommendations for the identification of sustainable development criteria for construction companies as for the development of sustainable development programs and further confirmation of sustainable development reports by auditors were identified.
The paper provides an empirical analysis of the macroeconomic factors that enhance revenue gap in South Africa using the multivariate cointegration techniques for the period 1965 to 2012. The results from the cointegration analysis indicate that the revenue gap in South Africa is negatively associated with the level of imports while positively related to external debt and underground economy. The former finding is consistent with the notion that imports are subjected to more taxation than domestic activities because of certain features of international trade that tend to make tax evasion difficult. On the other hand, the positive relationship between external debt and tax gap shows that the South African government relies upon external debt to finance its budget deficit resulting from missing revenues. Furthermore, the observed negative effect of the post-apartheid dummy confirms that the tax policy reforms that South Africa introduced following the liberation in 1994 have led to a reduction in missing revenues. The results from the Granger causality test also show that there is a unidirectional causality running from imports and underground economy to revenue gap, while revenue gap on the other hand is found to Granger-cause national income and external debt in South Africa.
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