In dental and medical applications, poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) has been widely accepted due to the excellent biocompatibility and easy fabrication. Yet, some of the physical and mechanical characteristics of this compound are considered inferior. Seven groups of PMMA nano-composite samples were reported to be fabricated at laboratory temperature . These samples could be used in manufacturing the complete or partial maxillary denture base. The aim of this research is to prepare nano-composite materials which consist of PMMA as a matrix material and two different types of powder (prepared nanoparticles of SnO2 and natural egg shell powder (ESP)) as strengthening materials. The selected additives were used in many cases as pure or hybrid composites, specifically with weight percentage ratios of 1 and 2 wt%. Several analytical tests, namely AFM, FTIR, XRD and SEM, were used on the prepared nanoparticles. In addition, several tests were applied to assess the mechanical behavior before and after the reinforcement, including thermal conductivity, Vickers micro-Hardness, and water absorption. The results showed that the maximum amount of energy absorption in the composites was 1% at different types of additives, while a significant increase in thermal conductivity was recorded as the SnO2NPs percentage was increased. For surface micro-hardness, an obvious trend of increase was observed with the increase in additive percentage. The highest measured values of micro-hardness (19.59VHS and 13.30VHS) were recorded for the pure composites of 2% ESP and 2% SnO2, respectively. The results of water absorption test showed that higher percentages of ESP and SnO2, separately, within the pure composite resulted in higher water absorption capacity and an increased value of diffusion coefficient (D).
In this paper the effect of adding natural particles (pomegranate PSP and coconut shell particles CSP ) on unsaturated polyester matrix UPE reinforced with natural sisal fibers studied, some mechanical properties were performed. The natural particle percentage selected to be (5, 10, 15, 20) wt. %, while the percentage of the sisal fibers was constant (2wt. %). The main purpose was to improve UPE properties to be use in structural applications. Chemical treatment was perform on all the reinforcement materials used before the hybrid composite synthesis. Using particles size distribution (PSD) it was found that (2956.9 and 2961.6) nm were the size of PSP and CSP, respectively. Then, samples were prepared in the laboratory at room temperature using Hand-layup technique. Tests as Flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength, max shear strength and surface roughness were applied on the composite samples. Results were as follows: a clear improvement in the mechanical properties of the UPE reinforced with sisal fibers. As for the fiber-particle reinforced polyester (UPE) ,the results were an increase in the flexural modulus by 5wt.% when adding coconut particle, while it decreased when adding pomegranate particle at same ratio. As for the flexural strength when the adding particles ratio increases, it decreases in the case of pomegranate particles addition while increases in the coconut particles addition. Interestingly, impact strength value increased at 5wt.% for both particle addition, while for further ratio there was a value reduction. An increase in max shear strength was also found as the highest value was in the pomegranate matrix at 5wt.%, while it was in the coconut matrix at 20wt.%. Finally, that the surface roughness value gradually increases with the increase additive ratio. Also, SEM
PMMA (poly-methyl methacrylate) acrylic resin is commonly utilized in the manufacture of denture bases. However, its mechanical characteristics may be inadequate for this purpose. The purpose of this research is to look at the mechanical characteristics (flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength, fracture toughness) of PMMA composite by adding two kinds of synthetic fibers Polypropylene (PP) and Polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Numbers of PMMA composite samples were generated at specified weight ratios of (1.5, 3.5, 5.5, and 7.5 wt.%) in this study. Research results showed that during fibers ratio increased until max. point (7.5wt. %), a decrease in flexural strength value was observed. Notably, PMMA/PAN composite sample has more influence than PMMA/ PP composite. Also, a decrease in the flexural modulus during fibers ratio increases until maximum (7.5wt. %), flexural modulus for PMMA/PAN composite were higher than the values PMMA/PP composite specimens. When it came to I.S, it was discovered that when the fiber ratios were raised, the impact strength rose at a ratio (7.5wt. %). Finally, the results of fracture toughness showed an improvement for the composite specimen (PMMA/7.5 wt. % PAN fiber). In contrast to (the PMMA/7.5wt.% PP fiber) composite specimen, there was a decrease compared to the neat sample.
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