Objective: Plaque morphology plays an important prognostic role in the occurrence of cerebrovascular events. Echolucent and heterogeneous plaques, in particular, carry an increased risk of subsequent stroke. Depending on the quality of the plaque echogenicity based on B-mode ultrasound examination, carotid plaques divide into a soft lipid-rich plaque and a hard plaque with calcification. The aim of this study was to investigate structural changes in the basement membrane of different carotid artery plaque types. Patients and methods: Biopsies were taken from 10 male patients (average age; 75 + 1 years) and 7 females (68 + 3 years). The study population included patients suffering from a filiform stenosis of the carotid artery, 8 patients with acute cerebrovascular events and 9 with asymptomatic stenosis. Scanning electron and polarised light microscopic investigations were carried out on explanted plaques to determine the morphology of calcified areas in vascular lesions. Results: By means of scanning electron microscopy, multiple foci of local calcification were identified. The endothelial layer was partially desquamated from the basement membrane and showed island-like formations. Polarised light microscopy allows us to distinguish between soft plaques with transparent structure and hard plaques with woven bone formation. Conclusion: The major finding of our study is the presence of woven bone tissue in hard plaques of carotid arteries, which may result from pathological strains or mechanical overloading of the collagen fibers. These data suggest a certain parallel with sclerosis of human aortic valves due to their similar morphological characteristics.
Objective: Thoracic aneurysms occur most frequently with 60% in ascending aorta and arch, und in 40% the descending aorta, although the etiological factors are different for individual segments. While, depending on localization, factors such as atherosclerosis, bicuspid aortic valve, familial thoracic aortic aneurysm syndrome, Turner syndrome, Marfan syndrome, aortic arteritis in Takayasu's arteritis, trauma and dissection lead to the formation of thoracic aortic aneurysms, the structural changes of the basement membrane and the exact causes of the mechanism of thoracic aortic aneurysm are not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathophysiological origin of thoracic aortic aneurysms from a morphological point of view.Patients and methods: For this study, between 2007 and 2017, 12 patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms with contraindications to interventional therapy underwent open surgery. All patients underwent multi-detector row CT with three-dimensional (3D) reformation in 3 mm slices and transesophageal echocardiography, Tissue samples were taken from descending aorta of two female (average age, 72 .32 years) and 10 male patients (63.12 years), and were fixed for 6 hours in a solution containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 0.2 mMol cacodylate. The samples were finally visualized using the digital scanning microscope. Results:In addition to partial desquamation of the endothelium, severe alterations of the collagen fibers and basal membrane and repair attempts in the form of endothelial islets and deep tears in the fibers, cancellation and destruction of the helical structure of collagen fibers are visible. Conclusion:In summary, in thoracic aortic aneurysms we found severe structural changes of collagen fibres, endothelium and basement membrane, which occur in a similar form in acquired aortic valve degeneration.
The paper reviews the perspectives of improvement of existing structure of management with the implementation of industrial clusters. It is supposed that offered new field clusters will allow to significantly decreasing management costs in SOCAR, as well as to minimize production of residual reserves and losses, special purpose investments and income in a whole, will create mobile human resources and enable to successfully conduct ecological programs, to unite duplicated management bodies and cut down expenses in commission stock etc.
Objective: The long-term outcome of percutaneous transluminal angioplasties is mainly determined by restenoses, either by progression of the underlying disease or by intimal hyperplasia. Pharmacological substances on the one hand and the implantation of stents on the other have been developed with the intention of preventing precisely this complication. While patients are treated after PTA of peripheral vessels with diff erent low-molecular-weight heparins, the indication for stent implantation is determined individually rather by experience. The aim of this study was to determine gender-specifi c risk factors of long-term outcome after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of peripheral vessels with or without stentimplantation. Methods: In the present study, we examined the long-term results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of peripheral vessels. Between 2007 and 2017, in total, 3,276 patients underwent PTA with or without stent implantation in our clinic. All patients were treated postinterventionally for 48 hours with 25,000 IU heparin (Unfractionated Heparin (UFH), heparinsodium-Braun, 25,000 I.E./5 ml, 2 ml/h) monitored by the partial thromboplastin time and subsequently underwent a control investigation every 6 months. The endpoint of the study was determination of symptomatic stenosis larger than 50% that required reintervention. Results: 239 (68.2% with mean age 68.02 years) male patients and 111 female patients (31.71% with mean age 62.92 years) were evaluated with complete follow-up. A total of 470 PTAs were performed on male patients and 213 on female patients in multiple interventions. The majority of patients at the time of treatment were in stage IIb according to the classifi cation of Fontaine (81.6% of male patients and 68% of females). In our sample, peripheral arterial disease stage III and IV according to Fontaine classifi cation occurred twice as frequently in female patients as in male patients (stage III in 12.6% in female versus 6.1% in male, and stage IV in 18% in female versus 8.9% in males). In both groups, the femoral superfi cialis artery was most frequently dilated (64 cases, 30% in female and 155 cases, 32.9% in male), followed by the iliacal communis artery (46 cases in female and 99 cases in male, both with 21.5%). A balloon angioplasty of the tibialis anterior and posterior arteries was performed twice as frequently in female patients as in male patients (28 cases with 13.1% of tibialis ant. artery in female versus 32 cases with 6.8% in male patients, and in 17 cases with 7.9% of tibialis post. artery in female versus 16 cases with 3.4% in male patients). In this study, without consideration of gender, patency rates of 79% after 2.5 years, 67% after 5 years, 49% after 7.5 years and 37% after 10 years were determined for PTA without stent implantation. Between the 7th and 10th year in follow-up, the cumulative patency rates for stent implantation was 49%, whereas it was 31% for PTA alone. The results of this study show that the stent assisted PTA`s of comm. art...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.