Objective: To compare the efficacy of Probiotics with the yoghurt in the management of children with acute diarrhoea in terms of frequency and consistency of stools.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Paediatric Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar Pakistan, from Jun to Dec 2020.
Methodology: Patients were allotted into three Groups A, B, or C. Group-A received a Probiotic (Bacillus Clausii), Group-B received plain yoghurt, and Group-C did not receive yoghurt or Probiotic. The outcome was an improvement in stool consistency at 72 hours. Stool consistency was assessed via Bristol stool chart along with frequency. Data were collected 72 hours after initiation of treatment.
Result: The total number of patients enrolled was 159(53 in each Group). Among these, 85(53.5%) were males, and 74(46.5%) were females. There was a statistically significant association in terms of consistency (p=0.001) and term of frequency (p<0.001) in the Probiotic and Yoghurt-Group.
Conclusion: The outcome in terms of consistency is almost equal in the Probiotic and Yoghurt-Group. However, Probiotic is superior to yoghurt in terms of frequency.
Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the extended sick neonatal score (ESNS) in neonates admitted in a resource-limited neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Peshawar.
Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study
Place and Duration of Study: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, CMH Peshawar Pakistan, from Mar to May 2020.
Methodology: Primary data was collected from 60 neonates admitted to NICU after taking consent from the parents. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted to determine the clinical score (ESNS) cut-off value in predicting mortality.
Result: The sensitivity and specificity of the Extended sick neonatal score to predict mortality among neonates was 93.3% and 97%, respectively, for a cut-off of 12.5. The area under the ROC curve was 0.990 (95% CI: 0.971–1.000). This was statistically significant with a p-value of <0.001
Conclusion: Extended Sick Neonatal score is an important tool that helps predict the risk of mortality of a neonate without the help of any invasive diagnostic procedure, thus enhancing the prioritization of health care to the most deserving neonates.
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