Multiple valued logic (MVL) can represent an exponentially higher number of data/information compared to the binary logic for the same number of logic bits. Compared to the conventional and other emerging device technologies, Graphene Nano Ribbon Field Effect Transistor (GNRFET) appears to be very promising for designing MVL logic gates and arithmetic circuits due to some exceptional electrical properties of the GNRFET, e.g., the ability to control the threshold voltage by changing the width of the GNR. Variation of the threshold voltage is one of the prescribed techniques to achieve multiple voltage levels to implement the MVL circuit. This paper introduces a design approach for ternary logic gates and circuits using MOS-type GNRFET. The designs of basic ternary logic gates like inverters, NAND, NOR, and ternary arithmetic circuits like the ternary decoder, 3:1 multiplexer, and ternary half-adder are demonstrated using GNRFET. A comparative analysis of the GNRFET based ternary logic gates and circuits and those based on the conventional CMOS and CNTFET technologies is performed using delay, total power, and power-delay-product (PDP) as the metrics. The simulation and analysis are performed using the H-SPICE tool with a GNRFET model available on the Nanohub website.
Computing technologies are currently based on the binary logic/number system, which is dependent on the simple on and off switching mechanism of the prevailing transistors. With the exponential increase of data processing and storage needs, there is a strong push to move to a higher radix logic/number system that can eradicate or lessen many limitations of the binary system. Anticipated saturation of Moore’s law and the necessity to increase information density and processing speed in the future micro and nanoelectronic circuits and systems provide a strong background and motivation for the beyond-binary logic system. In this review article, different technologies for Multiple-valued-Logic (MVL) devices and the associated prospects and constraints are discussed. The feasibility of the MVL system in real-world applications rests on resolving two major challenges: (i) development of an efficient mathematical approach to implement the MVL logic using available technologies, and (ii) availability of effective synthesis techniques. This review of different technologies for the MVL system is intended to perform a comprehensive investigation of various MVL technologies and a comparative analysis of the feasible approaches to implement MVL devices, especially ternary logic.
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