Issues: Completion of residential treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) relates to improvements in substance use and mental health. Findings from systematic reviews have been equivocal about which interventions work best for clients. There has been limited attention to the theories that explain the effectiveness of residential treatment.Approach: We conducted a realist review of the literature to identify program theories that would explain successful and unsuccessful outcomes from residential treatment for SUD. The unit of analysis was context-mechanism-outcome (CMO). Inclusion criteria were studies of residential treatment of more than 30 days for adults with SUD. Pharmacological studies were excluded.

A Smart city implements the latest IoT and information and communication technologies (ICT) to improve the quality of urban city administrations, decrease expenditures, asset management and interconnect citizens of a Smart city. Smart cities offer numerous advantages like improved energy productivity, management, healthcare facilities, efficient transport systems, proper waste and water management, and individual security. Nonetheless, this reliance on ICT and IoT technologies makes a Smart city prone to digital cyber assaults. These technologies are vulnerable to many security issues like Information theft, Eavesdropping attack, Denial of service, Communication delays, Data manipulation, IoT security attacks, Communication interception, Jamming, Sensor failure, insecure API, and Remote exploitation. This research study intends to address opinions on cybersecurity technologies, vulnerabilities, and cybercrime awareness based on the systematic literature review "PRISMA Model" as our research method and help researchers and practitioners to look for innovative Smart City solutions. Our research endeavors to momentarily depict the central ideas of digital security and protection issues related to Smart city areas and uncover digital cyber-attacks that focus on Smart city communities in the literature. In brief, the focus of this research is to explore and review the aspects of Smart city cybersecurity issues, Smart city vulnerabilities related to information security, and provide a comprehensive research framework that will help the researchers and practitioners explore this area of research.

No abstract

Background Early adolescence is a time of increased vulnerability for the development of common mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression (internalising outcomes). Current treatments such as Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy and antidepressant medication are focused on the individual and have small effect sizes, particularly in complex clinical settings. Parents are an important and under-utilised resource in treating these conditions in young adolescents. Teaching parents how to respond to their young person’s emotions can improve emotion regulation and reduce internalising outcomes. One emotion-focused programme for parents of this age group is Tuning in to Teens (TINT). This study aims to investigate the impact of TINT in the clinical setting of publicly funded Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in New Zealand. Methods The trial will evaluate the feasibility of a two-arm multi-site randomised control trial (RCT). Participants will be 10–14-year-olds referred to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in Wellington, New Zealand with anxiety or depression, and their parents or guardians. The two arms will be usual care in CAMHS or, usual care plus parents attending a TINT group programme. TINT groups will be facilitated by CAMHS clinicians who have been trained in the programme and will be delivered over 8 weekly sessions. Prior to the RCT, a co-design methodology will be used with service-users to determine how the impact of this programme should be measured. Primary feasibility outcomes will be recruitment and retention of participants, acceptability of the intervention for service-users and clinicians, and acceptability of outcome measures. Discussion There is a need to improve outcomes for treatment of adolescent anxiety and depression. TINT is a promising programme to enhance outcomes for those accessing mental health services by providing targeted support to parents of adolescents. This trial will inform whether a full RCT is feasible to evaluate TINT. Including service-users in the design will increase its relevance in this setting. Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN): ACTRN12622000483752. Registered 28 March 2022.

<p>An increased tendency towards overgeneral memory (OGM) has been associated with depression in young people. How this may impact the early development of depressive symptoms is unclear. This has been difficult to determine due to the lack of longitudinal research in this area, in particular with young people in the community prior to the development of significant depressive symptoms. The current study aimed to investigate how OGM related to the development of depression in a community sample of 235 young people aged 10- to 15-years at baseline. Measures of depression, OGM, and rumination were obtained at baseline and follow-up, one year later. As predicted, and consistent with past findings, an increased tendency towards OGM at follow-up was associated with greater depressive symptoms. However, despite indications from previous work that OGM may also predict depression prior to the emergence of symptoms, the reverse was found with depression predicting OGM over time. This suggests that among the general population, while OGM may be an associated and possible maintaining feature of depression, it appears to be a consequence of experiencing depressive symptoms rather than a significant early predictive or vulnerability factor. Contrary to evidence that rumination may also increase OGM, rumination was not significantly associated with OGM. Limitations, strengths and future directions based on these findings are discussed.</p>