Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to public panic and psychological problems. In this regard, few studies have reported the post-discharge mental health status of COVID-19 survivors. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the mental health status of COVID-19 survivors and determine the risk factors of adverse psychological outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 188 COVID-19 survivors discharged from hospital. Data were recorded using social media applications. To evaluate the mental health status, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Depressive Anxiety and Stress Scale 42 (DASS-42) were used. Ordinal regression with a logit link was used to assess the simultaneous effect of variables. Results: The mean age of participants was 56.4 ± 9.6 years, and the majority of patients were male (62.2%). According to HADS, 81 (43.1%) and 24 (12.8%) patients suffered from anxiety and depression, respectively. Using DASS-42, we reported at least a mild degree of depression [23 (12.2%)], anxiety [20 (10.6%)], and stress [74 (39.4%)] among the discharged patients. Depression, anxiety, and stress were significantly associated with length of hospital stay (P < 0.05). In addition, there was a direct association between stress and patients’ number of children (β = 0.38, P = 0.02). Conclusions: Depression, anxiety, and stress are relatively high among COVID-19 survivors. Length of hospital stay and number of children were identified as the predisposing factors for adverse psychological outcomes.
Somatic symptoms are one of the most common complaints among patients with psychiatric disorders and are considered as one of the most common psychiatric disorders in the new coronavirus pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical symptoms in patients with mood disorders and compare it with healthy individuals. In this case-control study, 67 patients with mood disorders were referred to the psychiatric clinic of 5 Azar Hospital in Gorgan, who met the inclusion criteria, and 68 healthy individuals as control group were entered into the study. For all participants after informed consent, a demographic information questionnaire was completed along with Screening for Somatic Symptoms-7 (SOMS7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), and the data were analysed by SPSS software version 25. The mean score obtained for the SOMS-7 questionnaire for the group of patients with mood disorders and the control group was 32.37 ± 8.19 and 35.42 ± 11.3, respectively. The mean obtained for the PHQ-15 questionnaire for the mood disorders group and the control group was 8.56 ± 5.93 and 5.86 ± 4.63, respectively. In the mood disorder group, 26.9% of patients had no risk for physical symptoms, 31.3% of patients had a low risk, 25.4% of patients had a moderate risk, and 16.4% of patients had a high risk for physical symptoms. The statistical test showed that although the risk of physical symptoms was high in both groups, this rate was higher in the group with mood disorders, and there is a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The results also showed a significant and direct relationship between the two questionnaires (P < 0.05). According to the results, although the prevalence of somatic symptoms increased in both groups, the prevalence of somatic symptoms is significantly higher in the mood disorder group.
Background Patients with Substance use disorder have distinct personality traits, they were high score in novelty seeking (NS) and sensation seeking and lower in Self-directedness and higher in Self-transcendence, so we aim to investigate the relationships of temperament and characteristics with related some variables such as substance of choice. Design and setting A case–control study enrolling 70 Substance use disorder patients and 70 controls was conducted at Mashhad University of medical sciences. Methods Using a case–control design, a group of 70 Substance use disorder patients and 70 controls was conducted at Mashhad university of medical sciences. All participation completed the 240 questions of Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R). Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was employed to compare the relationship between temperament and character traits and patterns of substance use. Results The scores of reward dependence, persistence, self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence were significantly lower in the case group compared to healthy individuals (P < 0.05). In contrast, the score of novel seeking was significantly higher in the case group (P < 0.05). On the other hand, harm avoidance was not significantly different between the two studied groups (P = 0.637). Conclusions Higher NS in patients with substance use disorder is common and different traits, and temperaments would choose different substance combinations.
Inflammatory processes in the brain play a role in acute mania etiopathogenesis. There is little evidence indicating the efficacy of celecoxib adjuvant therapy in treatmenting of manic episodes of bipolar disorder. Therefore, this clinical trial aimed to assess the celecoxib effect on treating acute mania. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 58 patients meeting the criteria for acute mania were enrolled. After considering eligibility, 45 patients were included in the study and randomly divided into two groups. The first group (23 patients) received sodium valproate 400 mg/day along with celecoxib 400 mg/day, and the second group (22 patients) received sodium valproate 400 mg/day and a placebo. The subjects were evaluated by the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) at the beginning of the study and 9, 18, and 28 days following the initiation of the medication. Evaluation of baseline factors indicated a significant difference in age (P = 0.01) and psychiatric history (P = 0.02) between the two groups. However, other factors were similar between groups (P ≥ 0.05). Comparing the YMRS score between celecoxib and placebo groups revealed no significant difference on days 0, 9, 18, and 28. However, the YMRS score at the end of the study decreased by 16.05 ± 7.65 in the intervention group (P < 0.001) and 12.50 ± 5.98 in controls (P < 0.001) compared to the baseline, the trend of change was not significant between the two groups during the time of the study (F = 0.38; P = 0.84). Although celecoxib adjuvant therapy indicated no considerable side effects, a longer treatment duration may be needed to detect its beneficial effects for treating acute mania in bipolar patients. Trial registration: Iran clinical trial register: IRCT20200306046708N1.
Background and objectives: Mental disorders during pregnancy and postpartum period can affect the quality of life of mother, baby and the whole family. Psychoeducation can be offered to those at risk to prevent or reduce the incidence of these disorders, but the most appropriate time for such intervention is not determined yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a psychoeducation intervention 48 hours before delivery on postpartum general health and to identify the potential role of family in reducing the incidence and severity of these disorders. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 80 pregnant mothers admitted to maternity ward of Shahid Sayyad Shirazi Hospital in Gorgan, Iran. Subjects were randomly divided into an intervention (n=40) and a control (n=40) group. Subjects in the intervention group and their spouses received education on postpartum mental health 48 hours before the estimated delivery date. The control group received no education. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the general health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) at baseline and at 2 nd and 4 th week postpartum. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 18) at significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean age was 26.3±5.6 years in the intervention group and 27.9 ± 5.1 years in the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age, pregnancy order, number of abortions, type of delivery and history of addiction at baseline. The total GHQ-28 score significantly decreased from baseline to the fourth week postpartum in both groups (P=0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of total GHQ-28 score reduction (P>0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of change in GHQ-28 subscale scores over time. Conclusion:The findings of this study indicate that short-term educational intervention, 24-48 hours before delivery, is not effective in improving mental health in the postpartum period. Therefore, educational interventions should be conducted either weeks before or after delivery.
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