Objectif : L’objectif est d’étudier l’effet de sésame sur le développement de Striga hermonthica sur le mil. Méthodologie et résultats : Deux tests de germination in vitro et en pots sont utilisés à cet effet. Les résultats du test in vitro montrent que Striga hermonthica germe bien sur les deux espèces (mil et sésame). L’association du sésame avec le mil, réduit significativement de moitié (avec P-value de 0,01) le taux de germination des graines de Striga hermonthica par rapport au témoin (culture pure du mil). Le test de germination en pots montre que les variétés de sésame (HC110 et ICN130) en association avec le mil, diminuent considérablement le nombre de plants de Striga hermonthica émergés, contrairement à d’autres variétés tels que Birkan, ICN137, HC108, EF147, EF146 et HB168. Les variétés de sésame Vgr 156 et 38- 1-7semblent même favoriser son émergence. Conclusion et application des résultats : Le sésame se comporte comme un faux hôte (une plante qui provoque la germination suicide des graines de striga) pour Striga hermonthica, mais son efficacité dépend de la variété de sésame utilisée, d’où l’intérêt de cibler les plus efficaces. Les meilleures variétés de sésame identifiées comme faux hôtes sont HC110 et ICN130. Ces variétés de sésame peuvent être utilisées en association avec le mil pour diminuer efficacement le stock de graines de striga dans les champs. Mots clés : Sesamum indicum, Striga hermonthica, plante piège, Pennisetum glaucum, Niamey. Effect of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) on the development of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. ABSTRACT Objective: The goal is to study the sesame effect on the development of Striga hermonthica on millet. Methodology and results: Two germination tests in vitro and in pots are used for this purpose. The in vitro test findings show that the Striga hermonthica germinates well on the two species (millet and sesame). The association of sesame with millet significantly reduces by half (with P-value of 0.01) the germination rate of Striga hermonthica seeds compared to the control (pure cultivation of millet). The germination test in pots shows that the varieties of sesame (HC110 and ICN130) in association with millet considerably decrease the number of emerged plants of Striga hermonthica, unlike other varieties such as Birkan, ICN137, HC108, EF147, EF146 and HB168. The sesame varieties Vgr 156 and 38-1-7 even seems to encourage its emergence. Conclusion and application of results: Sesame behaves like a false host (a plant that causes suicide germination of striga seeds) for Striga hermonthica, but its effectiveness depends on the variety of sesame Amadou et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 Effet du sésame (Sesamum indicum L.) sur le développement de Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. 15721 used, hence the interest in targeting the most effective. The best sesame varieties identified as false hosts are HC110 and ICN130. These varieties of sesame can be used in combination whith millet to effectively decrease striga seed strorage in the fields. Key words: Sesamum indicum, Striga hermonthica, trap plant, Pennisetum glaucum, Niamey.
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), is a polyphagous pest reported in sub-Saharan Africa since 2016 and has expanded rapidly in almost Africa. In Niger, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) is considered like a major pest of maize, to which it causes significant damage, in a context where proven control methods against this moth remain almost non-existent. The objective of the present study was to determine the economic importance of FAW through the damage caused to the different host plants and to identify the parasitoids of this caterpillar. The study was conducted in the southern agricultural zone of Niger, specifically in the regions of Dosso, Maradi, Tahoua and Zinder. FAW eggs and caterpillars were collected from six villages in each region and then incubated and reared in the entomology laboratory of INRAN in Maradi. The rate of infestation of the different crops by FAW was determined as well as the observation of the beneficiaries. The results obtained indicate the presence of FAW on millet with an attack rate varying from 45.7% to 68%, sorghum with 47.2% to 62.25% and sesame with 9.7%. This work also revealed an oophagous parasitoid, Telenomus remus with 138 ± 23 and larval parasitoids, Cotesia sp with 16 ± 1 maximum number of individuals emerged from the collected material. Also, it was identified the parasitoid Cotesia icipe with a rate of parasitism from 4.6% to 5.75%; the Charops ater whose rate of parasitism varies from 4.5% and 12.25% but for Chelonus insularis with 17.25% and Tachnidae with 53%. These very interesting results will constitute a basis for the development of biological control
Drug is a substance, which trouble brain. One of the reasons for juvenile delinquency is drug use. The present work is a retrospective study based on seizures of drugs made by the Niger courts and. Evaluation of the drug utilization by people according to the statistics of drug seizures from 2013 to 2016 of the Central Office for the Suppression of Illegal Traffic in Narcotics (OCRTIS). According to the statistics of drug seizures from 2013 to 2016 of the Central Office for the Suppression of Illegal Traffic in Narcotics (OCRTIS). Nine (9) types of drugs belonging to six (6) families were seized in Niger including: Amphetamines, Cannabis, Crack, Cocaine, Diazepam, Ephedrine, Heroin, Methamphetamines and Tramadol. These come from all countries bordering Niger but also from East Africa and Central Africa and the data gathered was analyzed using MS Excel. It should be noted that the percentage of those charged varies according to age group whose: the under 18’s are 6%, 59% are between 18 and 29 years, 25% are between 30 and 39 years, the 40 years and over are 10%. So most of the people which have been arrested are minors between 18 and 39 years old. In addition, it is necessary to mention 2% of women against 98 % of men in the said sale and consumption. If the number of seizures increases each year, the possibility of drug consumption by its users would also grow and highlights important diseases related to their consumption. Thus, the more appropriate implication of the blood and urine tests of these drug users.
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