IntroductionBeta blockers are mainly used in treating cardiovascular diseases. However, it has been observed that these drugs have also an anxiolytic potential. Over the years, a number of clinical trials have been conducted aimed at determining the effectiveness of beta blockers in treating anxiety disorders. The aim of the articleThe main objective of the article is to present the significance and position of adrenolytic drugs in the pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders on the basis of available literature. Moreover, the authors also decided to take into account the data from current research results, considering the problem of side effects of using adrenolytic drugs -especially the controversial reports on their effect on the development of affective disorders. MethodAn analysis was conducted of articles from Medline/PubMed database, selected on the basis of the following key words: anxiety disorders, beta blockers, adrenolytic drugs, as well as on the basis of their dates of publication: 1960-2017. In order to conduct a reliable and complete review of literature, the authors decided to include works from quite an extended period of time. The articles included in the review were published in Polish and English. ResultsThe review of articles concerning the treatment of anxiety disorders clearly suggests that propranolol is effective in reducing the frequency of panic attacks and the tendency for avoidance behavior in patients with agoraphobia. Other studies report on potential benefits in terms of early interventional prevention and treating posttraumatic stress disorder with propranolol. However, there is lack of randomized clinical trials concerning the therapeutic effect of other adrenolytic drugs in treating anxiety disorders. Early research works reported that (mainly lipophilic) beta blockers may have a depressogenic effect; however, the latest studies have not confirmed it. ConclusionsThe contemporary research on the therapeutic potential of beta blockers in treating anxiety disorders is insufficient. What seems to be most promising, however, are reports concerning the desirable effects of using adrenolytic drugs in treating posttraumatic stress disorder, which implicates the necessity of conducting further research verifying the validity of their application. Streszczenie WstępLeki β-adrenolityczne mają główne zastosowanie w leczeniu chorób sercowo-naczyniowych. Zauważono jednak, iż leki te wykazują również potencjał anksjolityczny. Na przestrzeni lat podejmowano kolejne próby kliniczne mające na celu określenie efektywności beta-brokerów w leczeniu zaburzeń lękowych. Cel pracyNadrzędnym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie na podstawie dostępnej literatury, znaczenia i miejsca leków adrenolitycznych w farmakoterapii zaburzeń lękowych. Ponadto, postanowiono również uwzględnić dane płynące z aktualnych wyników badań rozpatrujące problem efektów ubocznych stosowania leków adrenolitycznych -szczególnie kontrowersyjne doniesienia o wpływie beta-blockerów na rozwijanie się zaburzeń afektywnych. Metoda Analizie...
The number of diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is on the rise, which encourages the search for their causes spurs researchers to study co-occurrence of ASD with other diseases and disorders. This study aims at highlighting the importance of the clinical problem of autism spectrum disorders and its comorbidity with epilepsy. This is one of the most common co-morbidities happening to children.Regarding the psychopathological symptoms, it needs emphasizing that both in case of an isolated ASD and epilepsy itself, the accompanying psychiatric symptoms are confirmed. The research conducted so far also shows that in the course of epilepsy in the child / youth, mental health problems are often revealed, particularly depression and anxiety disorders. Episodes of depression and anxiety disorders are also mentioned as the most common comorbid psychopathological symptoms associated with ASD. An accurate and rapid diagnosis of epilepsy can improve the functioning of the child in the family environment and can improve communication skills. It is also important for the overall intellectual and psychological development. Making a correct diagnosis of the problem is equally crucial as choosing the right methods of medical and psychological care. Moreover,, it determines the early use of adequate, safe and effective forms of treatment.
Introduction: Until recently, oxytocin was mainly associated with the pathophysiology of childbirth and sexual functions, but lately this hormone has become the object of interest to psychiatry and psychology due to the significant influence of oxytocin on human behavior in the field of social and emotional functioning. Current scientific research focuses on the participation of oxytocin in the pathogenesis and therapy of mental disorders.Aim: The aim of the paper is to present, on the basis of available literature, the significance of oxytocin for various psychological functions, with particular emphasis on the influence of oxytocin on the course and clinical picture of schizophrenia.Method: Available articles from the Medline / PubMed database were analyzed, which were searched using keywords: oxytocin, schizophrenia, therapeutic use of oxytocin, social cognition, positive symptoms, negative symptoms and time descriptors: 2013-2017. There are included articles published in Polish and English.Results:The research results carried out so far suggest that oxytocin plays a significant role in modulating complex socio-emotional behaviors in schizophrenic patients. The existing research results also indicate a relationship between the dysregulation of the oxytocinergic system and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Many of the studies prove that there is a relationship between the level of oxytocin in the patients' blood plasma and the severity of the disease symptoms. Recent genetic studies indicate a possible relationship between polymorphism of oxytocin genesand polymorphism of oxytocin receptor genes and the risk of developing schizophrenia.Conclusions: Contemporary research on the therapeutic potential of oxytocin and its influence on the functioning of schizophrenia patients seem to be very promising and may contribute to increasing the effectiveness of treatment of schizophrenia and possibly other mental disorders, which in turn will improve the quality of life of patients in cognitive, social and emotional functioning.
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