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The Cambodian diet is low in nutrient-dense animal-source foods. Enhanced homestead food production (EHFP) and aquaculture, which increase availability of nutrient-dense foods, are promising interventions to improve dietary intake. This study examined the effect of EHFP with or without aquaculture on dietary intake and prevalence of inadequate intake of select nutrients among women and children living in rural Cambodia, compared to controls. In a registered, cluster randomized controlled trial in Prey Veng, Cambodia, 10 households in each of 90 villages (n = 900) were randomized by village to receive EHFP, EHFP plus aquaculture, or control. After 22-month intervention, 24-hr dietary recalls (24HRs) were collected from mothers aged 18-50 years (n = 429) and their children aged 6 months-7 years (n = 421), reported by their mothers. Usual intake distributions (generated using 24HRs and repeat 24HRs on a subsample) were used to estimate prevalence of inadequate intake. Compared to controls, women in the EHFP group had significantly higher zinc (+1.0 mg/d) and Vitamin A (+139 retinol activity equivalents/d) intakes, and women in the EHFP plus aquaculture group had significantly higher iron (+2.7 mg/d), Vitamin A (+191 retinol activity equivalents/d), and riboflavin (+0.17 mg/d) intakes. Women in the EHFP plus aquaculture group also had significantly lower prevalence of inadequate iron (-7%, at 10% bioavailability), Vitamin A (-19%), and riboflavin (-17%) intakes, compared to controls. No significant differences in intakes or nutrient adequacy were observed among children or between EHFP and EHFP plus aquaculture groups. The biological importance of the small differences in nutrient intakes among women remains to be established.

Key PointsQuestionIs it feasible to develop a systematic model of fundus photograph–based eye screening for patients living with diabetes in Bangladesh?FindingsIn this cross-sectional study, 49 264 patients underwent fundus photograph–based eye screening during a 7-year period at 3 centers in Bangladesh. The primary prevalence rate of diabetic retinopathy was 33%.MeaningGiven the very high prevalence of diabetes, there is an urgent need to scale up diabetic eye screening services in resource-poor countries to prevent retinopathy complications and vision loss.

Gender-analysis frameworks and tools provide a pre-designed methodology which can be used for the purposes of monitoring, evaluation, and learning, as well as for research undertaken for other reasons by planners, practitioners, and academic researchers. This article focuses on the use of Naila Kabeer's concept, the Social Relations Approach, to frame a baseline gender analysis of a food security project undertaken in Cambodia. The Fish on Farms project was designed to establish evidence of the impact of homestead food production, which included fishponds, on nutritional status, food security, food intake, and livelihoods. Integral to the objectives was the need to understand how the project activities affect gender equality and the empowerment of women. The Social Relations Approach was chosen to explore gender relations in context, and to understand better the subjective meanings of empowerment and the pathways to it.Los marcos analíticos y las herramientas basados en el género conforman una metodología prediseñada que puede ser útil tanto para fines de monitoreo, evaluación y aprendizaje (mea), como para la investigación realizada con otros fines por planeadores, operadores y académicos. El presente artículo se centra en el uso del concepto de Enfoque de Relaciones Sociales (ers) propuesto por Naila Kabeer, el cual proporciona un marco para el análisis de género que sirvió de punto de partida para un proyecto de seguridad alimentaria implementado en Camboya. El proyecto Peces en las Parcelas (pp) fue concebido con el fin de brindar evidencia en relación al impacto que tiene la producción de alimentos en parcelas que también contaban con estanques de peces, en términos del estado nutricional, de la seguridad alimentaria, del consumo de alimentos y de los medios de vida de los participantes en el proyecto. Un aspecto fundamental de los objetivos estuvo dado por la necesidad de comprender cómo las actividades del proyecto afectaron aspectos relacionados con la igualdad de género y el empoderamiento de las mujeres. Se optó por el uso del Enfoque de Relaciones Sociales para posibilitar el análisis de las relaciones de género en un contexto específico y comprender mejor los significados subjetivos del empoderamiento y de los métodos para alcanzarlo.Les cadres et outils d'analyse du genre fournissent une méthodologie pré-conçue qui peut être utilisée aux fins du suivi, de l'évaluation et de l'apprentissage, ainsi que pour les recherches entreprises pour d'autres raisons par les planificateurs, les praticiens et les chercheurs universitaires. Cet article se concentre sur l'utilisation du concept de Naila Kabeer, l'approche des relations sociales (Social Relations Approach -SRA), pour formuler une analyse de genre de référence dans le cadre d'un projet de sécurité alimentaire entrepris au Cambodge. Le projet Fish on Farms (FoF) a été conçu pour établir des preuves de l'impact de la production alimentaire familiale, qui englobait des étangs à poissons, sur l'état nutritionnel, la sécurité alimentaire, la consommation d'...

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