Background: About 24% of married woman have unmet need for Family Planning in Sub-Saharan Africa and 25.3% of currently married women had unmet need for family planning in Ethiopia. Objective: To assess the level of unmet need for family planning and related factors among currently married 15-49 years old women in Sibu Sire District, November 2016. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Multi-stage sampling technique to select 616 study units was used. Qualitative data was collected by focus group discussion and in-depth interview. Quantitative data was entered into SPSS version 20 and transcripts of the recorded discussions have been coded and analyzed manually. A p-value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result: Total unmet need for family planning among study group was 20.94%, and (13.14%, 7.8% for spacing and limiting respectively). Educational status of respondent (AOR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.3, 5.1), visiting health facility (AOR=3.6, 95% CI:1.9, 6.8), visited by health care workers at their home (AOR=3.7, 95% CI: 2.1, 7.3), attitude of respondents towards Family Planning use (AOR=9.1 95% CI: 4.9, 16.5), discussion with partners about Family planning (AOR=2.9, 95% CI: 4.1, 5.7), number of living children (AOR=5.5, 95% CI: 1.2, 25.1) and exposure to medias (radio/television) (AOR=4.7 95% CI: 2.8, 8.5) were predictors of unmet need for Family Planning. Conclusion and Recommendations: The total unmet need for family planning is still high. Integrating family planning with other health care service in health facility and emphasizing on delivery of important messages through public media were recommended activities to overpass the gap demand and unmet need for family planning.

The level of client satisfaction with the services provided by the hospitals is one critical area that must be assessed continuously. There is the paucity of information on the comparison of the level of client satisfaction from regular and private wing services of public hospitals in Ethiopia. Thus, the current study aims to compare the level of clients' satisfaction in the adult outpatient department among private wing and regular clients and related factors at Nekemte Referral Hospital. Comparative crosssectional study was conducted from May 20 to June 30, 2016. Data were collected from 406 participants and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Exploratory factor analysis was employed for statistical analysis. The overall client satisfaction was 58.16 and 68.84% at regular and private wing, respectively. Staff services, accessibility of healthcare services, physical facility, provider behaviour, type of visit, travel time, marital status, and educational status and how respondents visited the hospital were found to be independent predictors of client satisfaction. Besides, there was no statistically significant mean overall levels of client satisfaction difference between regular and private wing outpatient department. Hence, the hospital management should work towards improving staff services, accessibility of health services, physical facility, and provider behaviour.

Most of the sexual initiation and sexual practice of the youth begins at secondary school level. At this stage student assumed to be exposed to many risky sexual behaviors. However, little research had been explored in the Oromia region particularly in East Wollega zone on this area. A cross-sectional study design was used to assess risky sexual behavior and associated factors among high school and preparatory school students from 1st October 2016 till October 30, 2016. Data was collected using selfadministered questionnaire. Focus group discussion was conducted to support the quantitative data. Probability proportionate to sample size (PPS) was used to determine the sample size for each grade 9-12. The data was coded and entered into a computer using SPSS version 16.0. Final model was fitted and P value less than 0.05 considered as statistical significance and independent predictor of risky sexual behavior. The results revealed that three hundred and twenty-four students participated in the study (response rate of 97.7%). In the past 12 months, 25.3% of students had sexual intercourse, 17.07% of them had more than one sexual partners and 11.9% of male students visited commercial sex workers. Family connectedness [AOR, 95%CI 0.73(0.67-0.89)], attitudes toward sex [AOR, 95%CI 1.22(1.04-1.43)], khat chewing [AOR, 95%CI 9.25(2.51-34.07)] and those that had been forced by classmates for sex [AOR, 95%CI 7.63(2.36-24.66)] were independent predictors of risky sexual behaviors. The study thus revealed that risky sexual behavior of school youth was increased by khat chewing, sexual coerciveness from classmates or teacher, positive attitudes toward sexual intercourse and reduced by high family connectedness alongside attending religious services regularly. In addition to parental connectedness and parental supervision intervention targeted on school youth like positive peer influence to encourage safer sexual behaviors among school youth is very important in reduction of risky sexual behaviors.

Adolescence is the transitional period between childhood and adulthood. During this, nutrient needs are greatest. There is so little data on adolescents' nutrition and research needs are immense. The objective of the study was to assess prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition in school adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. A cross-sectional study was conducted at GobuSeyo district in December, 2016. Using multi-stage sampling technique and interviewer administered questionnaire data was collected from 640 adolescents. Statistical package for social science version 20 for data entry and analysis and World health organization Anthroplus for determination of nutritional status of adolescents were used. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors. Prevalence of stunting and underweight composed 17.0 and 18.8% respectively. Adolescents who were stunted and underweight were 22.9%. Severely stunted and underweight adolescents were 1.7 and 2.8% respectively. Single predictor of stunting was fathers' occupation (Adjusted odds ratio-AOR-5.82; 95%; CI-1.15, 29.38). Sex and age of the respondents and fathers' occupation were significant predictors of undernutrition. Thus, adolescent nutrition program focusing on age and sex of adolescents needs to be designed and implemented to address nutritional problem specifically in the study area.

Adherence is engagement and accurate participation of an informed patient in a plan of care. A combination of factors:-the relationships between the patient and the provider, medication issues, psychological status, and structural issues can impede adherence efforts. The objectives were to assess barriers of adherence to antiretroviral drugs (ART) among Human immunodeficiency virus or Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) infected persons in Nekemte Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. The descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted from March 1st to March 31st 2017. Data was collected from 321 client following ART unit of this hospital using interviewer administered questionnaire. A systematic sampling technique was used. The data were checked for completeness, cleared, coded and entered into computer software Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 after collected. Data analysis was done and the statistical association between variable was described using logistic regression. The result of the study is summarized using tables, graphs and figures. From all, 89 (27.70%) missed taking their ART drug in the last month prior to data collection. Factors of non-adherence were age, educational status, using reminder, drinking alcohol, co-worker awareness, developing sickness and living style. Non-adherence to ART was high in the study area. Concerned bodies should work on identified barriers of adherence to improve the quality of service as well as adherence rate. Increasing awareness and belief of HIV patients towards ART is needed and health care providers should work strongly on those who miss their ART regimen.