The regulation of cell death through apoptosis is essential to a number of physiological processes. Defective apoptosis regulation is associated with many abnormalities including anomalies in organ development, altered immune response and the development of cancer. Several signalling pathways are known to regulate apoptosis including the Tumour Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Hippo signalling pathways. In this paper we review the cross-talk between the TNF-α pathway and the Hippo signalling pathway. Several molecules that tightly regulate the Hippo pathway, such as members of the Ras-association domain family member (RASSF) family proteins, interact and modulate some key proteins within the TNF-α pathway. Meanwhile, TNF-α stimulation also affects the expression and activation of core components of the Hippo pathway. This implies the crucial role of signal integration between these two major pathways in regulating apoptosis.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major causes of death in the world. There are two types of DM—type 1 DM and type 2 DM. Type 1 DM can only be treated by insulin injection whereas type 2 DM is commonly treated using anti-hyperglycemic agents. Despite its effectiveness in controlling blood glucose level, this therapeutic approach is not able to reduce the decline in the number of functional pancreatic β cells. MST1 is a strong pro-apoptotic kinase that is expressed in pancreatic β cells. It induces β cell death and impairs insulin secretion. Recently, a potent and specific inhibitor for MST1, called XMU-MP-1, was identified and characterized. We hypothesized that treatment with XMU-MP-1 would produce beneficial effects by improving the survival and function of the pancreatic β cells. We used INS-1 cells and STZ-induced diabetic mice as in vitro and in vivo models to test the effect of XMU-MP-1 treatment. We found that XMU-MP-1 inhibited MST1/2 activity in INS-1 cells. Moreover, treatment with XMU-MP-1 produced a beneficial effect in improving glucose tolerance in the STZ-induced diabetic mouse model. Histological analysis indicated that XMU-MP-1 increased the number of pancreatic β cells and enhanced Langerhans islet area in the severe diabetic mice. Overall, this study showed that MST1 could become a promising therapeutic target for diabetes mellitus.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been identified as one of the most frequent chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). The prevalence of ED is estimated to be about 67.4% in all DM cases worldwide. The pathophysiological process leading to ED involves endothelial, neurological, hormonal, and psychological factors. In DM, endothelial and neurological factors play a crucial role. Damages in the blood vessels and erectile tissue due to insulin resistance are the hallmark of ED in DM. The current treatments for ED include phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and penile prosthesis surgery. However, these treatments are limited in terms of just relieving the symptoms, but not resolving the cause of the problem. The use of stem cells for treating ED is currently being studied mostly in experimental animals. The stem cells used are derived from adipose tissue, bone, or human urine. Most of the studies observed an improvement in erectile quality in the experimental animals as well as an improvement in erectile tissue. However, research on stem cell therapy for ED in humans remains to be limited. Nevertheless, significant findings from studies using animal models indicate a potential use of stem cells in the treatment of ED.

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the deadliest diseases for women’s lives. It is estimated that almost every hour, one died because of cervical cancer and 70% of new cases are found in an advanced stage. Many factors could cause cervical cancer, one of the risk factors is the age of the early coitarche. This study aims to determine the association between the age of coitarche and cervical cancer.Methods: This study was an analysis of observational study with a case-control design. There were two groups in this study; the case group of outpatients who were diagnosed with cervical cancer and the control group of outpatients who had normal cervical cytology by Papanicolaou screening. The 39 respondents of both the control and case groups, calculated using the Lemeshow’s formula for consecutive sampling, were interviewed for their details concerning reproductive and sexual histories, socio-economic status, hygiene, and education. The independent variable in this study was the age of coitarche; the dependent variable was cervical cancer. The data were analyzed descriptively and using the bivariate analysis (Chi-square) with α=0.05.Results: It is identified that 39 respondents for each group (case and control) have almost the same percentage of the age of coitarche in One-Stop Oncology Polyclinic (POSA’s outpatient); early coitarche of 43.6% and late coitarche of 56.4%. The age of early coitarche in Obstetrics and Gynecology’s outpatients, as a control group, is rare (4 of 39 respondents; 10.3%) and most of them did their sexual debut at the age of >18 years (89.7%). The chi-square test showed there was a correlation between the age of coitarche and cervical cancer (P=.002; OR=6.76; 95% CI 2.01–22.75).Conclusions: Early coitarche has a potential effect on cervical cancer.

Objectives: to compare the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Bcl-2/Bax ratio in cumulus cell and oocyte between vitrified oocyte pre and post in vitro maturation.Materials and Methods: Maturation was operated in medium TC 100 µl for 24 hours. Vitrification begins with washing oocyte in PBS basic medium supplemented of 20% serum for 1-2 minutes, followed by equilibration medium PBS + 20% serum + 10% ethylene glycol for 10-14 minutes, then transferred to 20% serum + PBS + 0.5 M sucrose + 15% ethylene glycol + PROH 15% for 25-30 seconds. Thawing is processed by submerging the oocytes in the media: 1). PBS + 20% serum + 0.5 M sucrose, 2). PBS + 20% serum + 0.25 M sucrose, and 3). PBS + 20% serum + 0.1 M sucrose. Imunocytochemistry observed the expression of Bcl-2, bax and Bcl-2/bax ratio.Results: Bcl-2 expression on oocyte in control group differed significantly with treatment group, Bcl-2 expression on cumulus in control group differed significantly with treatment 1 group. Bax expression on oocyte in control group differed significantly with treatment group. Bax expression on cumulus in control group differed significantly with treatment group. Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio on oocyte and cumulus did not differ significantly in all groupConclusion: No difference Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio on oocyte and cumulus between vitrified oocyte pre and post in vitro maturation.

The research was aimed to find out caspase 3 intensity in Kacang goat oocyte post vitrification. The high caspase intensity will affect the viability of post thawing oocytes so that it will affect the oocyte quality and fertilization rate. The intensity of caspase 3 expression occurs because of the bond between caspase 3 with the Flou 3 probe so it will emit a fluorescent color, which is captured by the CLSM microscope device. The benefits of this research were to measure the intensity of caspase 3 quantitatively so as to determine the oocyte quality post thawing and determine the quality of frozen oocytes as a source of gametes for fertilization purposes. There were 2 groups in the research; Kacang goat fresh oocyte and kacang goat oocyte that was vitrified (each group consisted of 5 replications). The procedure of this study including oocyte collection, oocyte vitrification, frozen oocyte warming and Caspase 3 intensity examination were labeled with anti rabbit Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC) secondary antibodies and measurement with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Caspase 3 intensity of both groups was observed using CLSM. The results showed that caspase 3 intensity in the oocyte group which had been frozen by vitrification was higher significant than fresh oocytes (P < 0.05). The research concluded that caspase 3 intensity of frozen oocyte post vitrification was higher than that of fresh oocyte.

COVID-19 is a zoonotic disease that has the ability to transmit from animals to humans and transmission occurs through droplets, therefore the government appeal on people to carry out social distancing and quarantine. The purpose of this activity is to help food needs and facilitate the people who affected by COVID - 19 to be able to apply government program is Pola Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) independently as an effort to prevent an increase in COVID - 19 cases. The implementation method is community service, starting with channeling social assistance in the form of distribution of groceries, hand sanitizers and liquid soap to the community around the streets of the City of Cilendek Timur, Bogor City. The results of this activity are a form of community service activities that are focused on one of the fields, namely the economic field, where the activities carried out in the form of providing social assistance by distributing nine basic goods or food to people in need.abstrakCOVID-19 merupakan penyakit zoonosis yang memiliki kemampuan menularkan dari hewan kepada manusia dan penularan terjadi melalui droplets, maka dari itu pemerintah menghimbau masyarakat untuk melakukan social distancing dan karantina. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah membantu mencukupi kebutuhan pangan dan memfasilitasi masyarakat yang terdampak COVID – 19 untuk dapat menerapkan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) secara mandiri sebagai upaya mencegah peningkatan kasus COVID – 19. Metode pelaksanaan adalah pengabdian masyarakat, dimulai dengan menyalurkan bantuan sosial dalam bentuk pembagian sembako, hand sanitizer dan sabun cair kepada masyarakat disekitar jalan Kelurahan Cilendek Timur Kota Bogor. Hasil dari kegiatan ini merupakan bentuk dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang difokuskan pada salah satu bidang yaitu bidang ekonomi, dimana kegiatan yang dilakukan diwujudkan dalam bentuk pemberian bantuan sosial dengan cara membagikan sembilan bahan pokok atau sembako kepada orang-orang yang membutuhkan.

The weakness of in vitro fertilization (IVF) was not able to observe whether in vitro fertilized oocytes were all mature. Intra Citoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) was able to solve IVF failure as spermatozoa was directly injected to oocyte. The research was divided into 2 groups, T1 group: oocyte was fertilized conventionally (maturated oocyte was supplamanted with spermatozoa) and T2 group: fertilization using ICSI method. Next, oocyte was mixed with spermatozoa. After ICSI was done, it was put into incubator CO 2 5 %, with the temperature of 38.5 o C. Then, fertilization rate and embryo growth at cleavage stage were observed. The data presented as means Standard Error of the Mean (S.E.M) and were compared using the Student's t-test. Research result showed that fertilization rate of ICSI group was higher significant than conventional IVF group (p<0.05). Also, cleavage stage (2 cells, 4 cells, 8 cells) of ICSI group was higher significant than conventional IVF group (p<0.05). The research concluded that fertilization rate and embryo cleavage of IVF using ICSI technique were higher than conventional IVF.