The present study perceives that textile dye effluents of Erode, Pallipalayam, and Bhavani region have substantial volume of electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, sodium chloride, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and heavy metals. The results point out that irrespective of the source, effluent properties exceeded permissible limits by the WHO/Food and Agriculture Organization/ Federal Environmental Protection Agency for irrigation. The textile industry consumes a mixture of chemicals and huge amount of water during the production process. About 200 L of water are used to produce 1 kg of textile. The textile effluent can cause several health infections such as hemorrhage, ulceration of skin, nausea, skin irritation, and dermatitis.
The present report is an outcome of research work conducted in Dingi village, District Haripur in 2012. The research aimed to assess and analyze the effects of industrial effluents on the soil fertility of the village, investigate contributing factors responsible for soil pollution and underlying causes creating the problems. Data analysis revealed that area had problems pertaining to water and soil quality. The key factors affecting soil fertility were the careless discharge of the untreated industrial effluents from Hattar Industrial Estate (HIE) into the natural stream passing through village. The results were compared with the soil standards set by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and European Committee Commission (ECC) and all of these were exceeding the permissible limits and affecting the soil fertility. The soils were found not fit for agriculture. The investigation highlighted the need to take some effective steps to manage the monitoring program set for checking of industries by the government according to set rules and regulation.
Suaeda maritima is a halophyte that has been evolutionary adapted to cope with saline and heavy metal conditions. The aim of the present study was to examine the biochemical response of Suaeda maritima against phytoextracting heavy metals and salts from paper mill effluent. Suaeda maritima seedlings have been grown for 120 days with an irrigation solution of 250 ml of 75% raw paper mill effluent after four drenching. Analysis of biochemical parameters revealed that maximum synthesis of chlorophyll, protein, phenol, proline and glycinebetaine may be involved in their ability to cope with heavy metal and salt stress. The present study confirms that the accumulation and increase of biochemical constituents can be considered as an efficient ROS scavenger and also maintain cellular homeostasis and metabolic functions in photosynthetically active leaves in Suaeda maritima, during phytoextraction studies.
Keywords: phytoextraction, paper mill effluent, Suaeda maritima, biochemical, heavy metal and salts
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