The radical nature of iron-catalyzed cross-coupling between Grignard reagents and alkyl halides has been studied by using a combination of competitive kinetic experiments and DFT calculations. In contrast to the corresponding coupling with aryl halides, which commences through a classical two-electron oxidative addition/reductive elimination sequence, the presented data suggest that alkyl halides react through an atom-transfer-initiated radical pathway. Furthermore, a general iodine-based quenching methodology was developed to enable the determination of highly accurate concentrations of Grignard reagents, a capability that facilitates and increases the information output of kinetic investigations based on these substrates.
The synthesis of some fluorescent 2,6‐dicyano‐3,5‐disubstituted anilines using cellulose sulfuric acid (Cellulose‐SA) as an environmentally benign catalyst in H2O is described. The one‐pot reaction of 1,3‐diketone and three equiv. of malononitrile was carried out in the presence of one equiv. of a secondary amine, Cellulose‐SA as catalyst, and H2O as solvent. The photophysical properties (λAbs., λFlu.) of the synthesized compounds in CH2Cl2, MeCN, and MeOH have been measured. The emission spectra of the new compounds in the solid state are also reported.
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