Key words:Oreochromis niloticus, Mercury, lead, cadmium, Nile River Subjection to Heavy metals is an imperative normal issue coming to fruition because of various human exercises. The aim of this study was the assessment of some heavy metals and its possible hazards on fish and consumers. Eighty Nile tilapia fillet samples were collected from Nile canals and markets in Menoufia, Egypt for analysis of Mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd), using atomic absorption flame. In general, wild tilapia samples contained higher mercury, lead and cadmium than those of farm tilapia samples. A positive correlation between heavy metals concentration and the fish size was observed, as the large sized tilapia samples had higher heavy metal residues than those of the small sized tilapia samples. Heavy metal levels in some fish samples in our investigations exceeded the maximum permissible limits of Egyptian standards.

This study was conducted on chicken breast, chicken thigh, Shish Taouk, chicken shawarma, chicken nuggets and chicken luncheon (35 of each) collected from different supermarkets at Menoufia Governorates for isolation and identification of E. coli and using PCR for detection of virulence gene. The obtained results indicated that the incidence of E. coli was 14.3%, 20%,14.3%, 17.1%, 14.3% and 20% of examined samples of chicken breast, chicken thigh, Shish Taouk, chicken shawarma, chicken nuggets and chicken luncheon, respectively. Moreover, the incidence of serologically identified E.

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The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from 100 samples of raw beef meat (50) and chicken meat (50) Collected From supermarkets at Menofia, Cairo and El-Kalyobia governorates, Egypt. E. coli was recovered from 13 (26%) beef meat samples and 18 (36.00%) chicken meat samples and identified serology. the most common serovars (O26, O119, O111, O103, O91, O86, O146, O45, O121 and O 128). A total of 75 E. coli isolates were obtained and tested for susceptibility to 10 antimicrobials by the disk diffusion method. E. coli isolates of the current investigation revealed a high resistance against Tetracycline (33.3%), Ampicillin (26.6%), Kanamycin & Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole (20%), Cefotaxime (12%), Chloramphenicol & Ciprofloxacin (8%) antimicrobial agents. Whereas; the lowest degree of resistance was noticed against Streptomycin (6.6%), Ceftazidime (5.3%) and Nalidixic acid (4%). These data suggest that antimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolates are widely distributed in meat samples and processing environment in Egypt, which can play a role in dissemination of antimicrobial resistance to other pathogenic and commensal bacteria.

A total of 200 random samples of meat products represented by minced meat, beef burger, beef kofta and beef sausage (50 of each) were collected from different supermarkets at El Menofiya and Cairo Governorates. The collected samples were examined for isolation of Psuedomonas and molecular characterization by using Multiplex PCR. psuedomonas was isolated from examined samples with the percentage of 18% (9) ,30% (15), 26% (13) and 22% (11) in minced meat, beef burger, beef kofta and beef sausage, respectively. The isolated pseudomonas could be serologically identified as P. aeruginosa ,P. diminuta ,P. fluorescens , P. proteolytica, P. fragi , P. putrefaciens and P. putida. Multiplex PCR results showed that the prevalence of virulence genes of P. aeruginosa were exotoxin A gene (ETA) 36%(4), gryase B gene (gyrB) with outer membrane protein gene (oprL) 54% (6), exotoxin A gene (ETA) with outer membrane protein gene (oprL) 18% (2) and gryase B gene (gryB) with exotoxin A gene (ETA) with outer membrane protein gene (oprL) (18%(2). The prevalence of Pseudomonas species in meat products samples is highly significant Therefore, its presence should be avoided during first stages of food processing.

This study was conducted on some poultry products include breast, thigh, shish tawook, shawarma, nuggets and luncheon(35 of each) collected from different supermarkets at El Menofiya Governorates for isolation and identification of Salmonella on XLD agar and S.S agar. The incidence on XLD were11.4%, 14.3%,11.4%, 11.4%, 14.3% and 8.6% from breast, thigh, nuggets, shish tawook, shawerma and luncheon, respectively agar and the incidence of serologically identified Salmonella serotypes were Salmonella Enteritidis ,Salmonella Typhimurium , Salmonella Kentuckyand Salmonella Virchow. The incidence of Salmonella on S.S agar were 11.4% , 14.3%, 8.6%, 14.3%,11.4% and 5.7% from breast, thigh, nuggets, shish tawook, shawerma and luncheon, respectively and the incidence of serologically identified Salmonella serotypes were Salmonella Enteritidis , Salmonella molade ,Salmonella Kentucky , Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Heidelberg. PCR results showed that fimH gene detected in Salmonella Molade. while hilA and fimH genes detected in Salmonella Heidlberg. And stn, hilA and fimH genes detected in Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella. Enteritidis, Salmonella Kentucky and Salmonella Virchow.

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A Total of 200 random samples of meat products (minced meat, beef burger, kofta, sausage and luncheon) collected from different shops and supermarkets at El Menofiya Governorate, Egypt. The collected samples were examined for the isolation of Salmonella spp, serological identifications and molecular characterization by using PCR. Salmonella spp was isolated from the examined samples with the percentage of 25% (10) ,35% ( 14) ,27.5% (11), 30% (12) and 7.5% (3) respectively. The isolated Salmonella serologically identified as S. Enteritidis, S. Infantis, S. Paratyphi A and S. Typhimurium, also multiplex PCR methods were used for detection of virulence genes (invA and hilA ) genes of Salmonella. The PCR results revealed that invasion gene (inv A) and hyper-invasive locus gene (hilA) in S.Entertidis , S. Paratyphia A and S. Typhimurium . While S. Infants only positive for Invasion gene (invA) could be detected.