This paper discusses the ownership of traditional medicine knowledge by drawing empirical data on the experience of the indigenous communities in Mentawai, Indonesia, and Sabah, Malaysia. For a long time, the acquisition of traditional medicine knowledge and the treatment of patients has been deemed the result of cultural heritage handed down from generation to generation. However, the complexity of the knowledge acquisition process and the skill displayed by the healer or kerei prove that traditional medicine knowledge qualifies as intellectual property. An appropriate protection strategy is identified based on the traditional knowledge ownership map in indigenous communities. This study reveals that not every traditional medicine knowledge and practices are "common properties". Therefore, the study suggests that traditional medicine knowledge, like any other intellectual properties, must be protected through intellectual property rights not only to protect the cultural and economic rights of indigenous people but also to protect the environment.
One of the objectives of land registration is to provide legal certainty for land rights holders. Therefore, in order to make this happen, regulations regarding land registration are made, one of which is Article 32 paragraph (2) PP Number 24 of 1997. However, in reality there are still problems in terms of ownership of a parcel of land associated with this article, namely against a plot of land which has been controlled by a legal subject for years and has been equipped with a certificate. There are still outsiders demanding rights to the land with respect to the land. Until now, Article 32 paragraph (2) Government Regulation Number 24 Year 1997, which should have been a solution to the above problems, still creates differences. Given the existence of this article is not in accordance with the negative publication system adopted by land registration in Indonesia, where a certificate is not an absolute evidence, but a certificate is strong evidence.
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