Kajian ini menjelaskan kesahan kandungan Modul Literasi Awal (Modul Lit-A) pada peringkat kanak-kanak berumur 2+, 3+, dan 4+ tahun di Malaysia. Modul Lit-A dibangunkan berdasarkan reka bentuk pengajaran model ADDIE yang memfokuskan kemahiran literasi awal dalam Bahasa Melayu seperti bahasa dan komunikasi, konsep cetakan dan cetakan persekitaran, fonemik dan fonetik, bacaan dan kefahaman naratif, dan tulisan awal. Modul Lit-A terdiri daripada tiga set yang berlainan mengikut umur kanak-kanak iaitu 2+, 3+, dan 4+ tahun. Kajian ini berbentuk kuantitatif yang menggunakan kaedah tinjauan untuk mendapatkan pandangan pakar melalui soal selidik berkaitan kandungan Modul Lit-A. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 12 orang pakar bagi Modul Lit-A (2+ Tahun), 10 orang pakar bagi Modul Lit-A (3+ Tahun), dan 8 orang pakar bagi Modul Lit-A (4+ Tahun). Dapatan kajian menunjukkan Modul Lit-A (2+, 3+, dan 4+ Tahun) mempunyai kesahan kandungan yang tinggi. Justeru, Modul Lit-A boleh dijadikan sumber tambahan kepada ibu bapa atau pendidik untuk memberi pendedahan tentang kemahiran literasi awal terhadap kanak-kanak berumur 2+, 3+, dan 4+ tahun. Ini seterusnya dapat menyokong dan melengkapkan lagi kurikulum pendidikan awal kanak-kanak yang sedia ada di Malaysia.
It is a very concerning situation we are having today when seeing youngsters showing less involvement and not being helpful toward the ones in need. Having children to be exposed to storybooks is to introduce them with moral values that help in building their characters. Storybooks are developed containing pedagogies adapted from the Quran that convey the value of prosocial behavior effectively. The pedagogies are narrative, dialogue, repetition, and questioning. Typography, illustrations and simplified phrases are additional elements that are also included. This research involved 60 children aged 5 to 6 years old from selected preschools in Malaysia. 30 children are presented with the original version of the storybooks and the rest are presented with modified storybooks. Modified Prosocial Behaviour Questionnaire which consists of 15 items is required to be filled during pre and post-test. There was no significant difference in the pretest (M= 32.07, SD= 3.89) and post-test (M= 32.80, SD= 8.57) when using the original books; t(29)= -0.427, p= 0.672 while there was a significant difference in the pretest (M= 23.83, SD= 7.33) and post-test (M- 32.50, SD= 7.93) when using the modified books; t(29)= -16.478, p= 0.000.
Purpose - The increase in the enrolments of immigrant children in New Zealand seems to have posed great challenges to early childhood education services when it comes to developing the children’s English language acquisition. This qualitative case study explored how New Zealand early childhood teachers develop the English language acquisition of Asian immigrant English language learners (ELLs). The theoretical framework of this research drew on a range of sociocultural perspectives, including sociocultural adaptation and acculturation strategies. Methodology - The main participants of this study were seven early childhood teachers and six Asian immigrant ELLs from two early childhood centres. Data on the teachers were collected through observations and semi-structured interviews. For each centre, observations were carried out over a six week period which enabled a series of snapshots of how the teachers developed the English language acquisition of the ELLs. Findings - Making interactions comprehensible for the ELLs is one of the main strategies used by the teachers in developing the acquisition of English language by the ELLs. In the process of teaching the English language to the ELLs, most of the teachers were observed to use certain strategies in making interactions comprehensible for them. The teachers highlighted the strategies and modifications they made in order to make their interactions comprehensible for the ELLs. During the interview, it was clearly seen that with better proficiency in the English language, the communication between the ELLs and their teachers improved. Therefore, the sociocultural adaptation process takes place in a smooth manner for both the ELLs and the teachers. Significance - The central significance of the finding is that through the exploration of New Zealand early childhood teachers’ beliefs and practices, important insights are offered which lead to the improvement of educational practices in early childhood settings for immigrant children in relation to English acquisition. While some of the teachers’ beliefs and practices may have facilitative or positive effects on English acquisition, others may bring debilitative or harmful effects. The findings also add to the existing body of knowledge on teachers’ beliefs and practices in developing English acquisition among the ELLs, particularly Asian children. In the New Zealand early childhood education context, the study provides a platform on how early childhood teachers in New Zealand could develop English acquisition among Asian immigrant ELLs, while valuing and understanding children’s cultural backgrounds.
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