With the privatization and intense competition that characterize the volatile energy sector, the gas turbine industry currently faces new challenges of increasing operational flexibility, reducing operating costs, improving reliability and availability while mitigating the environmental impact. In this complex, changing sector, the gas turbine community could address a set of these challenges by further development of high fidelity, more accurate and computationally efficient engine health assessment, diagnostic and prognostic systems. Recent studies have shown that engine gas-path performance monitoring still remains the cornerstone for making informed decisions in operation and maintenance of gas turbines. This paper offers a systematic review of recently developed engine performance monitoring, diagnostic and prognostic techniques. The inception of performance monitoring and its evolution over time, techniques used to establish a highquality dataset using engine model performance adaptation, and effects of computationally intelligent techniques on promoting the implementation of engine fault diagnosis are reviewed. Moreover, recent developments in prognostics techniques designed to enhance the maintenance decision-making scheme and main causes of gas turbine performance deterioration are discussed to facilitate the fault identification module. The article aims to organize, evaluate and identify patterns and trends in the literature as well as recognize research gaps and recommend new research areas in the field of gas turbine performance-based monitoring. The presented insightful concepts provide experts, students or novice researchers and decision-makers working in the area of gas turbine engines with the state of the art for performance-based condition monitoring.

Purpose -An important aspect of an academic curriculum in higher learning institutions for technical disciplines is the industrial internship programme for students. The purpose of this paper is to investigate students' perception of the effectiveness of an industrial internship programme offered by a private technological university in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach -Utilising a case study approach, the data for this study were collected though a survey questionnaire. The questionnaire gauged students' perception of their eight-month internship programme. Findings -The students rated the industrial internship programme favorably. Generally, students viewed the learning through practical experience during the internship positively. In addition, factors related to the organisers' operational and administrative efforts and the role played by the host company were also identified as important in determining the success of the industrial internship programme. Originality/value -Industrial internship programmes in respective universities vary according to various needs. By sharing the findings in this case study, other institutions with similar or different industrial internship programmes can benefit from the information discussed in this paper.

Water-in-diesel emulsion (WiDE) is an alternative fuel for CI engines that can be employed with the existing engine setup with no additional engine retrofitting. It has benefits of simultaneous reduction of both NOx and particulate matters in addition to its impact in the combustion efficiency improvement, although this needs further investigation. This review paper addresses the type of emulsion, the microexplosion phenomenon, emulsion stability and physiochemical improvement, and effect of water content on the combustion and emissions of WiDE fuel. The review also covers the recent experimental methodologies used in the investigation of WiDE for both transport and stationary engine applications. In this review, the fuel injection pump and spray nozzle arrangement has been found to be the most critical components as far as the secondary atomization is concerned and further investigation of the effect of these components in the microexplosion of the emulsion is suggested to be center of focus.

ability of all the trained networks of the multi-nets model to detect these faulty conditions was investigated. The results obtained showed that among the four trained networks in the multi-nets model, the associated network for gas generator rotational speed was able to track these incidents earlier. The findings demonstrated the capabilities and performance of the proposed multi-nets model with regard to AFD in industrial gas turbines.

Microexplosion phenomenon is attributed for achieving simultaneous reduction of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides in diesel engine exhaust when water in diesel emulsion is used as fuel. In this work, an emulsion droplet suspended on a wire-type thermocouple on a hot plate as the heat source was used to study the evolution of microexplosion phenomenon of emulsions prepared by two different methods. Microexplosion behavior of emulsions produced by a homogenizer and mechanical stirrer with 5, 10, and 20% water by volume was visualized. A high-speed camera synchronized with a data-logging system was used to capture the events. The results show that the waiting time, puffing frequency, initial temperature drop, and microexplosion temperature were affected by the size and distribution of the dispersed water droplets. No microexplosion was observed for all of the homogenized emulsions, while all of the mechanically stirred emulsions developed microexplosions.