Introduction. Alopecia areata (AA) is a common autoimmune disorder of hair follicles characterized by patches on nonscarring hair loss. Reports of prevalence and clinical characteristic of AA in Saudi Arabia are limited. The aim of our study is to describe the prevalence and clinical characteristics of Saudi patients with AA. Materials and Methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All patients diagnosed with AA between January 2016 and December 2017 were included. Data included patient demographics, type of AA, disease duration, family history of AA, and comorbid autoimmune diseases. Results. A total of 216 patients with AA were included. The overall prevalence of AA was approximately 2.3%. The mean disease duration at the time of presentation was 2 months while the mean age of onset was 25.61 years. The most common type of AA in both adult and pediatric groups was the patchy type involving the scalp. Comorbid diseases were found in 32.41% of patients. Common associated conditions included hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and atopic diseases. Conclusion. The overall prevalence of AA among a population of Saudi patients is 2.3%. AA prevalence is higher in pediatrics than adults. Common comorbid conditions include hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and atopic diseases.
Stroke is the major leading cause of death and severe long-term disability worldwide. The consequences of stroke, aside from diminished survival, have a significant impact on an individual's capability in maintaining self-autonomy and life satisfaction (LS). Thus, this study aimed to assess LS and other specific domains of LS in stroke survivors following their first-ever stroke, and to describe the relationship using socio-demographic and stroke-related variables. This study recruited 376 stroke survivors (244 men and 132 women, mean age: 57 years) 1 year following stroke. Data on participants’ LS (measured using the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire [LiSat-11]), socio-demographics, and stroke-related variables were collected. Univariate analysis showed that LS and the 10 specific domains were not associated with the patients’ gender or stroke type; however, age at onset, marital status, and vocational situation were significantly associated with some domains in LiSat-11 (Spearman's rho = 0.42–0.87; all P < 0.05). Logistic regression revealed that verbal and cognitive dysfunction were the most negative predictors of LS (odds ratio 4.1 and 3.7, respectively). LS is negatively affected in stroke survivors 1 year post onset. The results indicate that recovering social engagement is a positive predictor of higher LS in stroke survivors. More importantly, the findings revealed that cognitive and verbal dysfunctions were the most prominent negative predictors of the overall gross level of LS. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for stroke survivors is therefore critical.
Background Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder that increases the risk of developing benign and malignant tumors. Several associated endocrine diseases in NF-1 patients have been explained in the literature. Thus, this study aims to assess the endocrine manifestations as there no previous local data have discussed this association. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at KAMC and KASCH, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia by including all patients genetically confirmed with NF1 from 2004 until 2019 using a consecutive non-probability sampling technique. The included data were demographics, consanguinity, genetic variant mutations as well as associated endocrine diseases. Results The prevalence of patients with associated endocrine diseases was estimated to be 19.4%. Short stature showed the highest frequency of associated endocrine diseases followed by subclinical hypothyroidism. Positive consanguinity, sporadic mutation, and pathogenic variant showed high frequencies. Conclusion The coexistence of endocrine diseases was found in NF-1 patients. Therefore, screening for endocrine abnormality in patients with NF-1 by comprehensive history and physical exam as well as investigations to minimize complications and the late presentation should be considered; however, further studies are necessary to address the need.
Moyamoya disease is a chronic, progressive bilateral occlusion or stenosis of terminal internal carotid arteries as well as the proximal anterior and middle cerebral arteries. Hemorrhage of the splenium of the corpus callosum rarely occurs with moyamoya disease. In this article, we report a case of a 53-year-old woman diagnosed with moyamoya disease by cerebral angiography. She presented to the emergency department complaining of unsteadiness and a tendency to fall forward for one week. The patient was investigated with head computed tomography (CT) scan upon presentation revealing atypical location of hemorrhage in the corpus callosum, mainly in the splenium.
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