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With the advent of COVID-19 or the novel coronavirus and the pandemic outbreak, scientists around the globe are endeavoured to discover therapeutically efficacious drugs against the disease. Initial small-scale trials and studies have demonstrated the possible impact of the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and antibiotic azithromycin (AZM) unaided or together can be productive in the management of coronavirus disease. However, the latest research stretches on serious implications such as irregularities in the heart electrical impulses, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia including torsade de pointes (TdP), and long QT syndrome (LQTS) associated with the use of these drugs. In the worst-case scenario, higher doses have been lethal to the patients treated with these drugs as per recent reports. To have a closer look over the safety considerations, this review is focused on the latest updates, research, and findings of the impact of HCQ and AZM in COVID-19 affected individuals with an emphasis on the pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors. Besides, this review also briefly compiles some of the major clinical trial case reports which can present evident data related to the clinical application of both the drugs along with its abnormal effect on cardiac rhythm. RezumatO dată cu apariția COVID-19 și a focarului de pandemie, oamenii de știință se străduiesc să descopere medicamente eficiente împotriva bolii. Studiile inițiale și studiile la scară mică au arătat efectul hidroxiclorochinei (HCQ) și azitromicinei (AZM), singure sau în combinație, în tratamentul infecției cu SARS-CoV-2. Cu toate acestea, cele mai recente cercetări se referă la implicații grave, cum ar fi dezechilibre în impulsurile electrice ale inimii, tahicardie ventriculară polimorfă, inclusiv torsada vârfurilor și prelungirea intervalului QT. Această lucrare se axează pe cele mai recente actualizări, cercetări și constatări ale impactului hidroxiclorochinei și azitromicinei la pacienții cu COVID-19, cu accent pe factorii de risc cardiovasculari preexistenți. În plus, lucrarea sumarizează câteva dintre raportările majore ale studiilor clinice care prezintă date concrete în contextul utilizării acestor medicamente.

Background: Huntington’s disease is an inherited autosomal dominant trait neuro-degenerative disorder caused by changes (mutations) of a gene called huntingtin (htt) that is located on the short arm (p) of chromosome 4, CAG expansion mutation. It is characterized by unusual movements, cognitive and psychiatric disorders. Objective: This review was undertaken to apprehend biological pathways of Huntington’s disease (HD) pathogenesis and its management by nature-derived products. Natural products can be lucrative for the management of HD as it shows protection against HD in pre-clinical trials. Advanced research is still required to assess the therapeutic effectiveness of the known organic products and their isolated compounds in HD experimental models. Summary: Degeneration of neurons in Huntington’s disease is distinguished by progressive loss of motor coordination and muscle function. This is due to the expansion of CAG trinucleotide in the first exon of the htt gene responsible for neuronal death and neuronal network degeneration in the brain. It is believed that the factors such as molecular genetics, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroglia dysfunction, protein aggregation, and altered UPS leads to HD. The defensive effect of the natural product provides therapeutic efficacy against HD. Recent reports on natural drugs have enlightened the protective role against HD via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and neurofunctional regulation.

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