In this review, we explore the potential of smartphone‐based applications based on their unique ability to support portable, easy‐to‐use, precise, and efficient functions, which, in turn, makes lab‐on‐hardware a trending area of novel research. Smartphones can assist surgeons, physicians, biologists, chemists, ophthalmologists, and laboratory technicians in maintaining an easy‐to‐use, cost‐effective, and integrated environment for treatment, diagnosis, and point‐of‐care (POC) applications. These POC applications can improve patients' quality of life, offering patients a precise diagnosis and the correct treatment. This is a noble goal that aims to reduce costs and to increase the accuracy of sample testing, treatment, and diagnosis. Recent innovations have made major advances in smartphone adapters, providing portability, robustness, self‐powered devices, small‐sized adapters, and ease of usage. Lab‐on‐hardware is a progressing field, and smartphone imaging applications are increasingly expanding, resulting in POC applications with the latest and most advanced image analysis, enhancement, recognition, and other image processing techniques. The most recent studies in the field are explored to provide a solid background to interested researchers against which they can choose of application and/or adapter design they aim to develop, with a discussion of the methods reviewed here.

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Recently, the emerging interdisciplinary research in biosensing has been increasing, due to the advances in 3D printing technology. In this article, we demonstrate the feasibility of the novel smartphone-based 3D printed design with the aid of an Android application intended solely to measure the concentration of multiple biomarker samples based on the colorimetric detection approach. The optical and electronic elements inside the adapter provide a reliable imaging platform for image acquisition, analysis, rapid testing, and measurements. 3D printed smartphone-based adapter design has been implemented and tested for colorimetric applications in biomarkers including glucose, urea, triglycerides, bilirubin (Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB)), and High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL). The compatible smartphone-based system resulted in a highly reliable regression coefficient (R2) of more than 0.9 for the tested samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the effects of multiple illumination sources on multiple biomarkers with a complete set of results depending solely on the smartphone. This enables reliable use of the compatible system in biomarker testing.

Recently, the emerging interdisciplinary research in biosensing has been increasing, due to the advances in 3D printing technology. In this article, we demonstrate the feasibility of the novel smartphone-based 3D printed design with the aid of an Android application intended solely to measure the concentration of multiple biomarker samples based on the colorimetric detection approach. The optical and electronic elements inside the adapter provide a reliable imaging platform for image acquisition, analysis, rapid testing, and measurements. 3D printed smartphone-based adapter design has been implemented and tested for colorimetric applications in biomarkers including glucose, urea, triglycerides, bilirubin (Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB)), and High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL). The compatible smartphone-based system resulted in a highly reliable regression coefficient (R2) of more than 0.9 for the tested samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the effects of multiple illumination sources on multiple biomarkers with a complete set of results depending solely on the smartphone. This enables reliable use of the compatible system in biomarker testing.