Rotavirus is an enteritis causing pathogen in neonatal calves. A total number of 175 neonatal enteric calves were clinically examined. Their feces were sampled to rapidly serotested for Rotavirus detection. The clinical findings on Rotavirus diarrheic calves were anorexia, weakness, arched back with straining during defecation, variable degree of dehydration. Feces were pasty yellowish with and/or without flakes of clotted blood. Body temperature, respiratory and heart rates were varying. The collected fecal samples were serotested by Latex agglutination test (LAT) and Immunochromatographic assay (ICA). Results of LAT and ICA indicated that the positive samples of Rotavirus infection were 9.68% and 8.54%, respectively. It is concluded that Rotavirus infection plays an outstanding role in enteritis of neonatal calves of Assiut Governorate and control measures should be attained. LAT and ICA are effortlessly field serotests in screening of Rotavirus infection in diarrheic neonatal calves.

Background Neonatal diarrhea is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in calves, and Rotavirus is the main viral etiology. The objective of the current study was to study the epidemiological role of Rotavirus infection in diarrheic neonatal cattle and buffaloes 'calves in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. From December 2015 to November 2019, a total number of 315 neonatal calves' belonged to different localities of Assiut Governorate, Upper Egypt, were clinically examined. Fecal samples of investigated calves were subsequently collected and serologically tested to reveal-up Rotavirus infection by using latex agglutination test (LAT) and immunochrmatographic assay (ICA). Results The seropositive samples by LAT and ICA were 16.74% and 8.54%, respectively. The clinical findings of Rotavirus infection in enteric calves were pointed. The percentage of Rotavirus infection was 14.92% (44/295) of clinically diarrheic calves. However, 10% (2/20) of apparently healthy calves (n = 20) harbor Rotavirus in their feces suggesting carrier status. The high percentage of Rotavirus infection (20.13%) was obviously observed in 3 days-4 weeks old calves. There were no significance differences (P<0.05) between the percentages of Rotavirus infection and sex, species (cattle and buffaloes) and breed (Native and Cross breed) of serologically tested calves. Moreover, there is no significant variations (p<0.05) between calves under farmer’s hand and calves bred in farm in susceptibility to Rotavirus infection. Based on climatologic conditions of Assiut, seropositive cases were more prevalent (P< 0.001) in cold months (22.67%) than the warm and hot months (7.27%) in Assiut. Conclusion Rotavirus plays an outstanding role in causing enteritis in calves during neonatal stages in different localities of Assiut. Vaccination program of pregnant dams and lactogenic immunity in calves against Rotavirus infection should be warranted.

Neonatal diarrhea is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in calves, and Rotavirus is the main viral etiology. Rotavirus vaccines are one of the main important methods for control of diarrhea in neonates' calves. In the current study, Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of Bovine Rotavirus Group A (BRVA) were performed in our study. 1 Calf guard® vaccine genotype (G6P1) and 5 different field genotypes (2 G6P5, 1 G10P5, G10P? and 1 G10P11) were subjected to DNA sequencing. We observed that at the nucleotide level, G10P5 and G10P? sequences were 100 % identical with each other, two G6P5 sequences were 100% identical with each other and there was no significant similarity between sequences of G10P11 with sequences of G6P5, G10P5, and G10P? The phylogenetic analysis of G10P5 and G10P? isolates showed a close cluster with G10 isolates of Sharkia governorate, Egypt, phylogenetic analysis of two G6P5 and one G10P11 isolate showed a close cluster with the VP4 gene of Rotavirus isolates of Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. Molecular comparison between detected and typed Rotaviruses' genotypes with other genotypes of common vaccines indicated that there were genetically close or distance between field and vaccine Rotavirus strains.

Calf diarrhea is a common syndrome causing colossal economic losses. Rotavirus and Coronavirus are major pathogens of calf diarrhea. During the period of investigation (13 consecutive months), a total number of 140 neonatal calves were carefully examined and thereafter subjected to serological and molecular diagnosis for the diagnosis of Rota and Corona viruses' infection. The serological and molecular diagnosis by using LAT and RT-PCR indicated that positive samples of Rotavirus infection were 21.43% (30/140) and 8% (4/50), respectively. ELISA and RT-PCR were used in diagnosing of BCoV infection and found that positive samples were 2.13% (2/94) and 4% (2/50), respectively. The Prevalence of Rotavirus and Coronavirus infection was 21.43 % (30/140) and 2.13 % (2/94) of the examined calves, respectively. It was found that there was a strong negative correlation between age of examined calves and Rotavirus infection. Coronavirus infection was found in calves at >4-7 weeks. There were no significance difference in Rota and Corona viruses' infection and sex, breed and species of examined calves. The most positive cases of Rotavirus and Coronavirus infection were reported in cold months. The lower infection rate of Rotavirus was recorded in hot months. It is concluded that Rota and Corona viruses play an outstanding role in causing enteritis in neonatal calves in different localities of Assiut governorate.

Background: Bovine besnoitiosis is a widespread disease caused by Besnoitia besnoiti with significant economic losses in cattle production. There is a lack of knowledge about it in Egypt. Aim: The current study was conducted to detect the seroprevalence of Besnoitia besnoiti in cattle and to find out the presence of the disease and the most important symptoms of besnoitiosis in cattle in Assiut governorate, Egypt. Methods: A total of 190 cattle from Assiut city and its different rural centers was examined clinically and serologically for the presence of B. besnoiti. Serological examination carried out by using indirect ELISA kit in serum (ID.Vet Innovative Diagnostics Louis Pasteur. Grabeis, France). The results were analyzed statistically using Chi-square test to assess association between seroprevalence and different parameters (age, sex, season, housing and health status). Result: Thirteen cattle were seropositive for B. besnoiti by ELISA and showed symptoms of Besnoitia besnoiti. Acute symptoms included fever, tachycardia, edematous swellings of intermandibular space and limbs with polyarthritis, diarrhea, rumenal atony and enlarged lymph nodes. The chronic symptoms included cough, mastitis, exophthalmia, cysts on sclera and conjunctiva, nodules in skin, alopecia and tick infestation. The overall seroprevalence of B. besnoiti was 22.1%. Regarding to sex, the seroprevalence was higher for females 34.6% than for males 6.97%. While, according to age susceptibility, the seroprevalence was highest (50.9%) with age ≥5years, followed by age >1year to <5years (14.6%) and only one animal of age ≤1year was recorded 2.2%. Concerning with seasonal variations, the seroprevalence was highest in spring 42.9%, followed by autumn 29.3%, winter 13.6% and summer 7.5%. Whereas, according to housing system it was 60% and 8.6% in farm and household rearing, respectively. Depending on the health status, the seroprevalence was 21.6% of clinically healthy and 23.2% of clinically diseased cattle. Conclusion: The existence of B. besnoiti antibodies have been demonstrated in clinical and subclinical infected cattle in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. ELISA test is considered to be a good diagnostic method for detecting the infection. Furthermore, additional studies are essential to minimize and prevent the spread of infection.