A high performance continuous-wave (CW) backward wave oscillator (BWO) with planar slow wave structure (SWS) and sheet electron beam in Y-band is presented in this paper. The mode selection is discussed by studying the dispersion curve of SWSs, distributions of the electric field, and particle-in-cell simulation results, showing that the designed BWO operates in the fundamental mode TM11. The planar SWSs are fabricated by using the UV-LIGA technology with the processing error less than 0.003 mm. The electron gun can provide the 2.5 mm × 0.14 mm sheet electron beam with maximum current density of 57 A/cm2 at the CW mode. Experimental results show that the developed BWO can operate in the fundamental mode TM11 and generate the state-of-art output power of 182 mW at the frequency of 0.3426 THz with a large frequency tuning range from 0.318 THz to 0.359 THz.
Optimal design method of high-power microwave source using particle simulation and parallel genetic algorithms is presented in this paper. The output power, simulated by the fully electromagnetic particle simulation code UNIPIC, of the high-power microwave device is given as the fitness function, and the float-encoding genetic algorithms are used to optimize the high-power microwave devices. Using this method, we encode the heights of non-uniform slow wave structure in the relativistic backward wave oscillators (RBWO), and optimize the parameters on massively parallel processors. Simulation results demonstrate that we can obtain the optimal parameters of non-uniform slow wave structure in the RBWO, and the output microwave power enhances 52.6% after the device is optimized.
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