The aim of the study is to determine the effect of oral supplement of L-Arginine on semen parameters as a treatment for infertile men. Patients and methods: The study conducted on 15 infertile men at infertility clinic in SalahadDin general hospital and private clinics and laboratories in Tikrit city from beginning of March to the end of July 2018. Infertility is a common clinical problem affecting 13-15% of couples worldwide. The prevalence varies throughout developed and undeveloped countries, being higher in the latter in which limited resources for diagnosis and treatment exist. L-arginine was given daily and orally at a dose 1000 mg one capsule per day morning after breakfast. Results: There was a significant increase in total sperm count after treatment with L- Arginine as compare with that before treatment.  Also there was significant elevation active motility and Ejaculate volume after treatment with L- Arginine, as compare with that before treatment. However, there are significant reductions in Sluggish motility, abnormal sperm shape and non-motile sperms after treatment with L-Arginine as compare with that before treatment.     http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.08

L-Carnitine (LC) is highly concentrated in the epididymis and plays a crucial role in sperm metabolism and maturation. They are related to sperm motility and have antioxidant properties. The objective of this review is to summarize the multiple roles played by LC in male reproduction, and to highlight their limitations as well as their benefits in the treatment of male infertility. A variety of studies support the conclusion that LC at total daily amounts of at least 500mg  per day can significantly improve both sperm concentration and total sperm counts among men with astheno – or oligoasthenozoospermia. Although many clinical trials have demonstrated the beneficial effects of LC in selected cases of male infertility. Additional, a well – designed study is necessary to further validate the use of carnitines in the treatment of patients  with male infertility, specifically in men with poor semen  quality .

The aim of the study is to determine the effect of oral supplement of L-Arginine on semen parameters as a treatment for infertile men. Patients and methods: The study conducted on 15 infertile men at infertility clinic in SalahadDin general hospital and private clinics and laboratories in Tikrit city from beginning of March to the end of July 2018. Infertility is a common clinical problem affecting 13-15% of couples worldwide. The prevalence varies throughout developed and undeveloped countries, being higher in the latter in which limited resources for diagnosis and treatment exist. L-arginine was given daily and orally at a dose 1000 mg one capsule per day morning after breakfast. Results: There was a significant increase in total sperm count after treatment with L- Arginine as compare with that before treatment.  Also there was significant elevation active motility and Ejaculate volume after treatment with L- Arginine, as compare with that before treatment. However, there are significant reductions in Sluggish motility, abnormal sperm shape and non-motile sperms after treatment with L-Arginine as compare with that before treatment.

This study was designed to test the therapeutic efficacy of some hypotensive drugs and vegetable drinks on some biochemical indicators in male rabbits, where atherosclerosis was developed using 1% cholesterol with food. This study was conducted in June until the end of July 2017 in the Pharmacology Department/ General Company for Pharmaceutical Industry in Samarra. In the study, 50 local rabbits were randomly distributed by 10 groups each containing 5 animals. The first group considered as the control group. The second group is the control group treated with 1% cholesterol with the food, the third group treated with cholesterol (1% and captopril 0.71 mg), group 4 (cholesterol 1% with atenolol 0.71 mg / kg), group 5 (cholesterol 1%, amlodipine 0.07 mg / kg) , group 6 treated with cholesterol 1% and aldomet (0.57 mg / kg), group 7 (cholesterol 1% and furosemide at 3.5 mg / kg), group 8 (cholesterol 1% with garlic syrup 2 ml), group 9 treatment cholesterol 1% and lemon juice), and group 10 Treatment with (1% cholesterol and green tea syrup 2 ml). The results of the study showed a significant increase (P≤0.01)) at the level of each of cholesterol triple and triglycerides, proteins and low density lipoproteins, very low density lipoproteins, also led to obtain a significant decrease in the level of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the treatment group with cholesterol 1% compared to control group. At the time of the treatment of anti- pressure drugs: Captopril, Atenolol, Amlodipine ,Aldomet, and Furosmide , there were no significant differences in the cholesterol level of all pharmacological groups. Moral differences were not found in LDL-C and there was a significant decrease (P≤0.01) of the level of triglycerides, proteins and very low density lipoproteins, and there was a significant increase in the level of high-density lipoproteins HDL-C, while treatment with plant juices, there was a significant decrease (P≤0.01) in the level of total cholesterol and triglycerides and LDL, and VLDL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) increased when treated with garlic, lemon and green tea. We conclude pressure drugs of any kind can cure atherosclerosis or prevent high fat, unlike its counterparts OF plants, which have shown a significant effect on controlling lipid profile and reducing their effects and future risks on the heart.

L-Carnitine (LC) is highly concentrated in the epididymis and plays a crucial role in sperm metabolism and maturation. They are related to sperm motility and have antioxidant properties. The objective of this review is to summarize the multiple roles played by LC in male reproduction, and to highlight their limitations as well as their benefits in the treatment of male infertility. A variety of studies support the conclusion that LC at total daily amounts of at least 500mg  per day can significantly improve both sperm concentration and total sperm counts among men with astheno – or oligoasthenozoospermia. Although many clinical trials have demonstrated the beneficial effects of LC in selected cases of male infertility. Additional, a well – designed study is necessary to further validate the use of carnitines in the treatment of patients  with male infertility, specifically in men with poor semen  quality .    http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.027 

Urea and creatinine is the most sensitive markers of  Kidney Diseases progression in clinical practice, especially when combined with GFR, but these have  limitations. Hence, early, more sensitive, biomarkers are required. Recently, promising biomarkers have been identified for CKD progression such as kim-1 has been investigated as a novel biomarkers of kidney diseases progression. This study aimed to evaluate urinary Kidney Injury Molecule-1(KIM-1) in kidney stone patients.75 patients diagnosed with renal stone diseases and all patients were screened and followed up in the out-patients clinics in Salah Adin general hospital. controls were represented by 15 healthy volunteers. KIM-1, levels shows no significant changes within patients groups while shows that the KIM-1 levels were significantly increased in stone patients when compared with the healthy controls (P˂0.05). Total protein and S. Albumin levels significantly decreased in patients group compared to the controls levels while there was no significant changes within patients group. The current results suggest that  KIM-1 can consider as promising biomarker for diagnosis, clinical progression and investigations for kidney stone diseases.”

This study aimed to investigate the effect of administration of depakene (valproic acid)(VPA) (15 mg/Kg of body weight, orally) on serum protein levels, including immune proteins, because its functions and the importance of these proteins in the body and they are overlapping, and that was by measured protein levels before and after treatment as concentrations of total protein (Tp), albumin and globulin in normal male rats and in rats that treated with VPA drug along the period of experiment (30) days. The results showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in concentrations of total protein and albumin in comparison with normal control group, whereas did not observe significant differences (P<0.05) in globulin concentration compared with normal control group, despite of, there was a little decrease in globulin concentration in rats group that administrated the drug under study but non-significant. It could be concluded of the present study that the VPA drug have an greater side effects on concentration and function of proteins in serum, and subsequently, may extending these effects to comprise its effect on the immunity, osmotic pressure, blood volume, nutrients exchange between the blood and tissues, glomerular infiltration rate, transport many of materials and hormones, and several of physiological and biochemical functions which correlated with the serum proteins

Nephrolithiasis is a public health problem that affect large scale ofpeoples around the world. naturally, there are many substances ,proteins,lipids, glycosaminoglycans and inorganic compounds, work as kidneystone inhibitors in the normal renal tubular fluid that inhibit crystalgrowth, aggregation, and/or adhesion to renal surfaces, among thisinhibitors we investigate the concentration of trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) as astone formation inhibitor and kidney injury biomarker in serum of 75kidney stone patients and 15 healthy subjects using ELISA technique.The results shows no significant changes within patients groups whileshows that TFF1 levels were significantly increased in stone patientswhen compared with the healthy controls (P≤0.05), which support thefact that it could use as early marker of kidney injury (KI) .The resultsalso revealed no significant changes within patients groups while therewas a significant changes between patients and controls for both bloodurea and serum creatinine levels in renal stone patients in comparison tothe apparently healthy control subjects (P ≤0.05). Further investigationare needed to show the inhibitory effect of TFF1 in urine of kidney stonepatients.