Viral pathogens are major concern nowadays. Bacterial CRISPR/Cas systems help in defending the host body against different pathogens including viruses too. This system contains restriction enzymes that introduce dsDNA breaks on target site to make the virus non-functional by damaging its genes. Coronavirus, HIV and Herpes viruses are causing mortality all around the world. To control the spread of disease, early detection and treatment is required. CRISPR system due to its high efficiency provides a platform to restrict the viral entry into host cell, viral genome editing and eliminate the latent infections. In this review, the CRISPR strategies against three major viral diseases are put under consideration: Coronavirus, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Herpesvirus associated diseases. Three CRISPR/Cas systems have been discussed including CRISPR/Cas12, CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR/Cas13 that are used against the above listed viruses.
Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the association between rheumatoid arthritis and serum vitamin D levels. Study Design: Case-control study Place and Duration: THQ Hospital Kamalia. Aug 2021-Jan 2022 Methods: There were one hundred and sixty patients were presented in this study. After obtaining informed written permission, we took detailed demographic information on all patients who had signed up for treatment. Clinical signs and symptoms, X-ray findings, and anti-citrullinated protein levels more than 20 u/mL were all used to diagnose RA in this patient's instance. They all pointed to the disease. Group I featured 80 people with verified rheumatoid arthritis, whereas group II had 80 individuals who did not have rheumatoid arthritis. The levels of vitamin D in both groups' blood were compared. Data was analysed using SPSS 2.0. Results: There were 45 (56.3%) males and 35 (43.7%) females in group I and in group II 42 (52.5%) males and 38 (47.5%) females. Mean age in group I was 44.7±8.35 years and had mean BMI 27.8±9.45 kg/m2 while in group II mean age was 46.5±6.51 years with mean BMI 28.6±6.51 kg/m2. Hypertension and diabetes were the most common comorbidities. Vitamin D level in group I was significantly lower 29.41±5.59 as compared to group II 40.41±8.81(ng/mL). Among 80 cases of rheumatoid arhthritis, positive patients for rheumatoid factor were 72 (90%) in which frequency of hypovitaminos was found among 65 (90.3%) cases. Conclusion: People with RA are far more likely to be vitamin D deficient, and the severity of the disease is directly correlated with this insufficiency. Since vitamin D deficiency affects women more than males, they should be tested with a high degree of suspicion. Taking vitamin D supplements may be necessary to prevent or reverse the progression of the disease. Keywords: Vitamin D Deficiency, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rheumatoid Factor, Hypovitaminosis
Objective: Glycolyzed haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and hearing loss in diabetic individuals are the primary goals of the present research. Study Design: Randomized Case Control Place and Duration: THQ Hospital Kamalia. Aug 2021 to Feb 2022. Methods: There were 80 patients of both genders with ages 16-75 years were presented. Detailed demographics of enrolled cases included age, sex, body mass index and comorbidities were recorded after taking informed written consent. Patients were divided in two groups. Group I had 40 diabetic patients and group II had 40 non-diabetic patients. Hearing loss among both groups was compared by different glycolized hemoglobin levels. SPSS 25.0 was used to analyze complete data. Results: There were 32 (80%) males and 8 (20%) female in group I and in group II 24 (60%) males and 16 (40%) females. Mean age in group I was 41.31±5.81 years and had men BMI 24.13±7.15 kg/m2 while in group II mean age was 39.11±4.28 years with mean BMI 22.17±11.32 kg/m2. In group I 18 (45%) patients were smokers and in group II 15 (27.5%) were smokers. Frequency of hearing loss in group I was higher found in 23 (57.5%) patients as compared to non-diabetic patients in only 2 (5%). Frequency of tinnitus, vertigo and dizziness were also significantly higher in diabetic patients with p value <0.05. Conclusion: Patients with diabetes mellitus may suffer from impaired hearing and balance even if they do not show any symptoms. As a result, early rehabilitative care should be established to prevent future difficulties. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Hearing Loss, Hemoglobin A1c
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.